PK `ZZZU�<� � 0 beautifulsoup4-4.12.3.dist-info/licenses/AUTHORSBehold, mortal, the origins of Beautiful Soup...
================================================
Leonard Richardson is the primary maintainer.
Aaron DeVore and Isaac Muse have made significant contributions to the
code base.
Mark Pilgrim provided the encoding detection code that forms the base
of UnicodeDammit.
Thomas Kluyver and Ezio Melotti finished the work of getting Beautiful
Soup 4 working under Python 3.
Simon Willison wrote soupselect, which was used to make Beautiful Soup
support CSS selectors. Isaac Muse wrote SoupSieve, which made it
possible to _remove_ the CSS selector code from Beautiful Soup.
Sam Ruby helped with a lot of edge cases.
Jonathan Ellis was awarded the prestigious Beau Potage D'Or for his
work in solving the nestable tags conundrum.
An incomplete list of people have contributed patches to Beautiful
Soup:
Istvan Albert, Andrew Lin, Anthony Baxter, Oliver Beattie, Andrew
Boyko, Tony Chang, Francisco Canas, "Delong", Zephyr Fang, Fuzzy,
Roman Gaufman, Yoni Gilad, Richie Hindle, Toshihiro Kamiya, Peteris
Krumins, Kent Johnson, Marek Kapolka, Andreas Kostyrka, Roel Kramer,
Ben Last, Robert Leftwich, Stefaan Lippens, "liquider", Staffan
Malmgren, Ksenia Marasanova, JP Moins, Adam Monsen, John Nagle, "Jon",
Ed Oskiewicz, Martijn Peters, Greg Phillips, Giles Radford, Stefano
Revera, Arthur Rudolph, Marko Samastur, James Salter, Jouni Sepp�nen,
Alexander Schmolck, Tim Shirley, Geoffrey Sneddon, Ville Skytt�,
"Vikas", Jens Svalgaard, Andy Theyers, Eric Weiser, Glyn Webster, John
Wiseman, Paul Wright, Danny Yoo
An incomplete list of people who made suggestions or found bugs or
found ways to break Beautiful Soup:
Hanno B�ck, Matteo Bertini, Chris Curvey, Simon Cusack, Bruce Eckel,
Matt Ernst, Michael Foord, Tom Harris, Bill de hOra, Donald Howes,
Matt Patterson, Scott Roberts, Steve Strassmann, Mike Williams,
warchild at redho dot com, Sami Kuisma, Carlos Rocha, Bob Hutchison,
Joren Mc, Michal Migurski, John Kleven, Tim Heaney, Tripp Lilley, Ed
Summers, Dennis Sutch, Chris Smith, Aaron Swartz, Stuart
Turner, Greg Edwards, Kevin J Kalupson, Nikos Kouremenos, Artur de
Sousa Rocha, Yichun Wei, Per Vognsen
PK `ZZZ�3��� � 0 beautifulsoup4-4.12.3.dist-info/licenses/LICENSEBeautiful Soup is made available under the MIT license:
Copyright (c) Leonard Richardson
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
Beautiful Soup incorporates code from the html5lib library, which is
also made available under the MIT license. Copyright (c) James Graham
and other contributors
Beautiful Soup has an optional dependency on the soupsieve library,
which is also made available under the MIT license. Copyright (c)
Isaac Muse
PK `ZZZ�c�r � � bs4/__init__.py"""Beautiful Soup Elixir and Tonic - "The Screen-Scraper's Friend".
http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/
Beautiful Soup uses a pluggable XML or HTML parser to parse a
(possibly invalid) document into a tree representation. Beautiful Soup
provides methods and Pythonic idioms that make it easy to navigate,
search, and modify the parse tree.
Beautiful Soup works with Python 3.6 and up. It works better if lxml
and/or html5lib is installed.
For more than you ever wanted to know about Beautiful Soup, see the
documentation: http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/
"""
__author__ = "Leonard Richardson (leonardr@segfault.org)"
__version__ = "4.12.3"
__copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2004-2024 Leonard Richardson"
# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license.
__license__ = "MIT"
__all__ = ['BeautifulSoup']
from collections import Counter
import os
import re
import sys
import traceback
import warnings
# The very first thing we do is give a useful error if someone is
# running this code under Python 2.
if sys.version_info.major < 3:
raise ImportError('You are trying to use a Python 3-specific version of Beautiful Soup under Python 2. This will not work. The final version of Beautiful Soup to support Python 2 was 4.9.3.')
from .builder import (
builder_registry,
ParserRejectedMarkup,
XMLParsedAsHTMLWarning,
HTMLParserTreeBuilder
)
from .dammit import UnicodeDammit
from .element import (
CData,
Comment,
CSS,
DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
Declaration,
Doctype,
NavigableString,
PageElement,
ProcessingInstruction,
PYTHON_SPECIFIC_ENCODINGS,
ResultSet,
Script,
Stylesheet,
SoupStrainer,
Tag,
TemplateString,
)
# Define some custom warnings.
class GuessedAtParserWarning(UserWarning):
"""The warning issued when BeautifulSoup has to guess what parser to
use -- probably because no parser was specified in the constructor.
"""
class MarkupResemblesLocatorWarning(UserWarning):
"""The warning issued when BeautifulSoup is given 'markup' that
actually looks like a resource locator -- a URL or a path to a file
on disk.
"""
class BeautifulSoup(Tag):
"""A data structure representing a parsed HTML or XML document.
Most of the methods you'll call on a BeautifulSoup object are inherited from
PageElement or Tag.
Internally, this class defines the basic interface called by the
tree builders when converting an HTML/XML document into a data
structure. The interface abstracts away the differences between
parsers. To write a new tree builder, you'll need to understand
these methods as a whole.
These methods will be called by the BeautifulSoup constructor:
* reset()
* feed(markup)
The tree builder may call these methods from its feed() implementation:
* handle_starttag(name, attrs) # See note about return value
* handle_endtag(name)
* handle_data(data) # Appends to the current data node
* endData(containerClass) # Ends the current data node
No matter how complicated the underlying parser is, you should be
able to build a tree using 'start tag' events, 'end tag' events,
'data' events, and "done with data" events.
If you encounter an empty-element tag (aka a self-closing tag,
like HTML's <br> tag), call handle_starttag and then
handle_endtag.
"""
# Since BeautifulSoup subclasses Tag, it's possible to treat it as
# a Tag with a .name. This name makes it clear the BeautifulSoup
# object isn't a real markup tag.
ROOT_TAG_NAME = '[document]'
# If the end-user gives no indication which tree builder they
# want, look for one with these features.
DEFAULT_BUILDER_FEATURES = ['html', 'fast']
# A string containing all ASCII whitespace characters, used in
# endData() to detect data chunks that seem 'empty'.
ASCII_SPACES = '\x20\x0a\x09\x0c\x0d'
NO_PARSER_SPECIFIED_WARNING = "No parser was explicitly specified, so I'm using the best available %(markup_type)s parser for this system (\"%(parser)s\"). This usually isn't a problem, but if you run this code on another system, or in a different virtual environment, it may use a different parser and behave differently.\n\nThe code that caused this warning is on line %(line_number)s of the file %(filename)s. To get rid of this warning, pass the additional argument 'features=\"%(parser)s\"' to the BeautifulSoup constructor.\n"
def __init__(self, markup="", features=None, builder=None,
parse_only=None, from_encoding=None, exclude_encodings=None,
element_classes=None, **kwargs):
"""Constructor.
:param markup: A string or a file-like object representing
markup to be parsed.
:param features: Desirable features of the parser to be
used. This may be the name of a specific parser ("lxml",
"lxml-xml", "html.parser", or "html5lib") or it may be the
type of markup to be used ("html", "html5", "xml"). It's
recommended that you name a specific parser, so that
Beautiful Soup gives you the same results across platforms
and virtual environments.
:param builder: A TreeBuilder subclass to instantiate (or
instance to use) instead of looking one up based on
`features`. You only need to use this if you've implemented a
custom TreeBuilder.
:param parse_only: A SoupStrainer. Only parts of the document
matching the SoupStrainer will be considered. This is useful
when parsing part of a document that would otherwise be too
large to fit into memory.
:param from_encoding: A string indicating the encoding of the
document to be parsed. Pass this in if Beautiful Soup is
guessing wrongly about the document's encoding.
:param exclude_encodings: A list of strings indicating
encodings known to be wrong. Pass this in if you don't know
the document's encoding but you know Beautiful Soup's guess is
wrong.
:param element_classes: A dictionary mapping BeautifulSoup
classes like Tag and NavigableString, to other classes you'd
like to be instantiated instead as the parse tree is
built. This is useful for subclassing Tag or NavigableString
to modify default behavior.
:param kwargs: For backwards compatibility purposes, the
constructor accepts certain keyword arguments used in
Beautiful Soup 3. None of these arguments do anything in
Beautiful Soup 4; they will result in a warning and then be
ignored.
Apart from this, any keyword arguments passed into the
BeautifulSoup constructor are propagated to the TreeBuilder
constructor. This makes it possible to configure a
TreeBuilder by passing in arguments, not just by saying which
one to use.
"""
if 'convertEntities' in kwargs:
del kwargs['convertEntities']
warnings.warn(
"BS4 does not respect the convertEntities argument to the "
"BeautifulSoup constructor. Entities are always converted "
"to Unicode characters.")
if 'markupMassage' in kwargs:
del kwargs['markupMassage']
warnings.warn(
"BS4 does not respect the markupMassage argument to the "
"BeautifulSoup constructor. The tree builder is responsible "
"for any necessary markup massage.")
if 'smartQuotesTo' in kwargs:
del kwargs['smartQuotesTo']
warnings.warn(
"BS4 does not respect the smartQuotesTo argument to the "
"BeautifulSoup constructor. Smart quotes are always converted "
"to Unicode characters.")
if 'selfClosingTags' in kwargs:
del kwargs['selfClosingTags']
warnings.warn(
"BS4 does not respect the selfClosingTags argument to the "
"BeautifulSoup constructor. The tree builder is responsible "
"for understanding self-closing tags.")
if 'isHTML' in kwargs:
del kwargs['isHTML']
warnings.warn(
"BS4 does not respect the isHTML argument to the "
"BeautifulSoup constructor. Suggest you use "
"features='lxml' for HTML and features='lxml-xml' for "
"XML.")
def deprecated_argument(old_name, new_name):
if old_name in kwargs:
warnings.warn(
'The "%s" argument to the BeautifulSoup constructor '
'has been renamed to "%s."' % (old_name, new_name),
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3
)
return kwargs.pop(old_name)
return None
parse_only = parse_only or deprecated_argument(
"parseOnlyThese", "parse_only")
from_encoding = from_encoding or deprecated_argument(
"fromEncoding", "from_encoding")
if from_encoding and isinstance(markup, str):
warnings.warn("You provided Unicode markup but also provided a value for from_encoding. Your from_encoding will be ignored.")
from_encoding = None
self.element_classes = element_classes or dict()
# We need this information to track whether or not the builder
# was specified well enough that we can omit the 'you need to
# specify a parser' warning.
original_builder = builder
original_features = features
if isinstance(builder, type):
# A builder class was passed in; it needs to be instantiated.
builder_class = builder
builder = None
elif builder is None:
if isinstance(features, str):
features = [features]
if features is None or len(features) == 0:
features = self.DEFAULT_BUILDER_FEATURES
builder_class = builder_registry.lookup(*features)
if builder_class is None:
raise FeatureNotFound(
"Couldn't find a tree builder with the features you "
"requested: %s. Do you need to install a parser library?"
% ",".join(features))
# At this point either we have a TreeBuilder instance in
# builder, or we have a builder_class that we can instantiate
# with the remaining **kwargs.
if builder is None:
builder = builder_class(**kwargs)
if not original_builder and not (
original_features == builder.NAME or
original_features in builder.ALTERNATE_NAMES
) and markup:
# The user did not tell us which TreeBuilder to use,
# and we had to guess. Issue a warning.
if builder.is_xml:
markup_type = "XML"
else:
markup_type = "HTML"
# This code adapted from warnings.py so that we get the same line
# of code as our warnings.warn() call gets, even if the answer is wrong
# (as it may be in a multithreading situation).
caller = None
try:
caller = sys._getframe(1)
except ValueError:
pass
if caller:
globals = caller.f_globals
line_number = caller.f_lineno
else:
globals = sys.__dict__
line_number= 1
filename = globals.get('__file__')
if filename:
fnl = filename.lower()
if fnl.endswith((".pyc", ".pyo")):
filename = filename[:-1]
if filename:
# If there is no filename at all, the user is most likely in a REPL,
# and the warning is not necessary.
values = dict(
filename=filename,
line_number=line_number,
parser=builder.NAME,
markup_type=markup_type
)
warnings.warn(
self.NO_PARSER_SPECIFIED_WARNING % values,
GuessedAtParserWarning, stacklevel=2
)
else:
if kwargs:
warnings.warn("Keyword arguments to the BeautifulSoup constructor will be ignored. These would normally be passed into the TreeBuilder constructor, but a TreeBuilder instance was passed in as `builder`.")
self.builder = builder
self.is_xml = builder.is_xml
self.known_xml = self.is_xml
self._namespaces = dict()
self.parse_only = parse_only
if hasattr(markup, 'read'): # It's a file-type object.
markup = markup.read()
elif len(markup) <= 256 and (
(isinstance(markup, bytes) and not b'<' in markup)
or (isinstance(markup, str) and not '<' in markup)
):
# Issue warnings for a couple beginner problems
# involving passing non-markup to Beautiful Soup.
# Beautiful Soup will still parse the input as markup,
# since that is sometimes the intended behavior.
if not self._markup_is_url(markup):
self._markup_resembles_filename(markup)
rejections = []
success = False
for (self.markup, self.original_encoding, self.declared_html_encoding,
self.contains_replacement_characters) in (
self.builder.prepare_markup(
markup, from_encoding, exclude_encodings=exclude_encodings)):
self.reset()
self.builder.initialize_soup(self)
try:
self._feed()
success = True
break
except ParserRejectedMarkup as e:
rejections.append(e)
pass
if not success:
other_exceptions = [str(e) for e in rejections]
raise ParserRejectedMarkup(
"The markup you provided was rejected by the parser. Trying a different parser or a different encoding may help.\n\nOriginal exception(s) from parser:\n " + "\n ".join(other_exceptions)
)
# Clear out the markup and remove the builder's circular
# reference to this object.
self.markup = None
self.builder.soup = None
def _clone(self):
"""Create a new BeautifulSoup object with the same TreeBuilder,
but not associated with any markup.
This is the first step of the deepcopy process.
"""
clone = type(self)("", None, self.builder)
# Keep track of the encoding of the original document,
# since we won't be parsing it again.
clone.original_encoding = self.original_encoding
return clone
def __getstate__(self):
# Frequently a tree builder can't be pickled.
d = dict(self.__dict__)
if 'builder' in d and d['builder'] is not None and not self.builder.picklable:
d['builder'] = type(self.builder)
# Store the contents as a Unicode string.
d['contents'] = []
d['markup'] = self.decode()
# If _most_recent_element is present, it's a Tag object left
# over from initial parse. It might not be picklable and we
# don't need it.
if '_most_recent_element' in d:
del d['_most_recent_element']
return d
def __setstate__(self, state):
# If necessary, restore the TreeBuilder by looking it up.
self.__dict__ = state
if isinstance(self.builder, type):
self.builder = self.builder()
elif not self.builder:
# We don't know which builder was used to build this
# parse tree, so use a default we know is always available.
self.builder = HTMLParserTreeBuilder()
self.builder.soup = self
self.reset()
self._feed()
return state
@classmethod
def _decode_markup(cls, markup):
"""Ensure `markup` is bytes so it's safe to send into warnings.warn.
TODO: warnings.warn had this problem back in 2010 but it might not
anymore.
"""
if isinstance(markup, bytes):
decoded = markup.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
else:
decoded = markup
return decoded
@classmethod
def _markup_is_url(cls, markup):
"""Error-handling method to raise a warning if incoming markup looks
like a URL.
:param markup: A string.
:return: Whether or not the markup resembles a URL
closely enough to justify a warning.
"""
if isinstance(markup, bytes):
space = b' '
cant_start_with = (b"http:", b"https:")
elif isinstance(markup, str):
space = ' '
cant_start_with = ("http:", "https:")
else:
return False
if any(markup.startswith(prefix) for prefix in cant_start_with):
if not space in markup:
warnings.warn(
'The input looks more like a URL than markup. You may want to use'
' an HTTP client like requests to get the document behind'
' the URL, and feed that document to Beautiful Soup.',
MarkupResemblesLocatorWarning,
stacklevel=3
)
return True
return False
@classmethod
def _markup_resembles_filename(cls, markup):
"""Error-handling method to raise a warning if incoming markup
resembles a filename.
:param markup: A bytestring or string.
:return: Whether or not the markup resembles a filename
closely enough to justify a warning.
"""
path_characters = '/\\'
extensions = ['.html', '.htm', '.xml', '.xhtml', '.txt']
if isinstance(markup, bytes):
path_characters = path_characters.encode("utf8")
extensions = [x.encode('utf8') for x in extensions]
filelike = False
if any(x in markup for x in path_characters):
filelike = True
else:
lower = markup.lower()
if any(lower.endswith(ext) for ext in extensions):
filelike = True
if filelike:
warnings.warn(
'The input looks more like a filename than markup. You may'
' want to open this file and pass the filehandle into'
' Beautiful Soup.',
MarkupResemblesLocatorWarning, stacklevel=3
)
return True
return False
def _feed(self):
"""Internal method that parses previously set markup, creating a large
number of Tag and NavigableString objects.
"""
# Convert the document to Unicode.
self.builder.reset()
self.builder.feed(self.markup)
# Close out any unfinished strings and close all the open tags.
self.endData()
while self.currentTag.name != self.ROOT_TAG_NAME:
self.popTag()
def reset(self):
"""Reset this object to a state as though it had never parsed any
markup.
"""
Tag.__init__(self, self, self.builder, self.ROOT_TAG_NAME)
self.hidden = 1
self.builder.reset()
self.current_data = []
self.currentTag = None
self.tagStack = []
self.open_tag_counter = Counter()
self.preserve_whitespace_tag_stack = []
self.string_container_stack = []
self._most_recent_element = None
self.pushTag(self)
def new_tag(self, name, namespace=None, nsprefix=None, attrs={},
sourceline=None, sourcepos=None, **kwattrs):
"""Create a new Tag associated with this BeautifulSoup object.
:param name: The name of the new Tag.
:param namespace: The URI of the new Tag's XML namespace, if any.
:param prefix: The prefix for the new Tag's XML namespace, if any.
:param attrs: A dictionary of this Tag's attribute values; can
be used instead of `kwattrs` for attributes like 'class'
that are reserved words in Python.
:param sourceline: The line number where this tag was
(purportedly) found in its source document.
:param sourcepos: The character position within `sourceline` where this
tag was (purportedly) found.
:param kwattrs: Keyword arguments for the new Tag's attribute values.
"""
kwattrs.update(attrs)
return self.element_classes.get(Tag, Tag)(
None, self.builder, name, namespace, nsprefix, kwattrs,
sourceline=sourceline, sourcepos=sourcepos
)
def string_container(self, base_class=None):
container = base_class or NavigableString
# There may be a general override of NavigableString.
container = self.element_classes.get(
container, container
)
# On top of that, we may be inside a tag that needs a special
# container class.
if self.string_container_stack and container is NavigableString:
container = self.builder.string_containers.get(
self.string_container_stack[-1].name, container
)
return container
def new_string(self, s, subclass=None):
"""Create a new NavigableString associated with this BeautifulSoup
object.
"""
container = self.string_container(subclass)
return container(s)
def insert_before(self, *args):
"""This method is part of the PageElement API, but `BeautifulSoup` doesn't implement
it because there is nothing before or after it in the parse tree.
"""
raise NotImplementedError("BeautifulSoup objects don't support insert_before().")
def insert_after(self, *args):
"""This method is part of the PageElement API, but `BeautifulSoup` doesn't implement
it because there is nothing before or after it in the parse tree.
"""
raise NotImplementedError("BeautifulSoup objects don't support insert_after().")
def popTag(self):
"""Internal method called by _popToTag when a tag is closed."""
tag = self.tagStack.pop()
if tag.name in self.open_tag_counter:
self.open_tag_counter[tag.name] -= 1
if self.preserve_whitespace_tag_stack and tag == self.preserve_whitespace_tag_stack[-1]:
self.preserve_whitespace_tag_stack.pop()
if self.string_container_stack and tag == self.string_container_stack[-1]:
self.string_container_stack.pop()
#print("Pop", tag.name)
if self.tagStack:
self.currentTag = self.tagStack[-1]
return self.currentTag
def pushTag(self, tag):
"""Internal method called by handle_starttag when a tag is opened."""
#print("Push", tag.name)
if self.currentTag is not None:
self.currentTag.contents.append(tag)
self.tagStack.append(tag)
self.currentTag = self.tagStack[-1]
if tag.name != self.ROOT_TAG_NAME:
self.open_tag_counter[tag.name] += 1
if tag.name in self.builder.preserve_whitespace_tags:
self.preserve_whitespace_tag_stack.append(tag)
if tag.name in self.builder.string_containers:
self.string_container_stack.append(tag)
def endData(self, containerClass=None):
"""Method called by the TreeBuilder when the end of a data segment
occurs.
"""
if self.current_data:
current_data = ''.join(self.current_data)
# If whitespace is not preserved, and this string contains
# nothing but ASCII spaces, replace it with a single space
# or newline.
if not self.preserve_whitespace_tag_stack:
strippable = True
for i in current_data:
if i not in self.ASCII_SPACES:
strippable = False
break
if strippable:
if '\n' in current_data:
current_data = '\n'
else:
current_data = ' '
# Reset the data collector.
self.current_data = []
# Should we add this string to the tree at all?
if self.parse_only and len(self.tagStack) <= 1 and \
(not self.parse_only.text or \
not self.parse_only.search(current_data)):
return
containerClass = self.string_container(containerClass)
o = containerClass(current_data)
self.object_was_parsed(o)
def object_was_parsed(self, o, parent=None, most_recent_element=None):
"""Method called by the TreeBuilder to integrate an object into the parse tree."""
if parent is None:
parent = self.currentTag
if most_recent_element is not None:
previous_element = most_recent_element
else:
previous_element = self._most_recent_element
next_element = previous_sibling = next_sibling = None
if isinstance(o, Tag):
next_element = o.next_element
next_sibling = o.next_sibling
previous_sibling = o.previous_sibling
if previous_element is None:
previous_element = o.previous_element
fix = parent.next_element is not None
o.setup(parent, previous_element, next_element, previous_sibling, next_sibling)
self._most_recent_element = o
parent.contents.append(o)
# Check if we are inserting into an already parsed node.
if fix:
self._linkage_fixer(parent)
def _linkage_fixer(self, el):
"""Make sure linkage of this fragment is sound."""
first = el.contents[0]
child = el.contents[-1]
descendant = child
if child is first and el.parent is not None:
# Parent should be linked to first child
el.next_element = child
# We are no longer linked to whatever this element is
prev_el = child.previous_element
if prev_el is not None and prev_el is not el:
prev_el.next_element = None
# First child should be linked to the parent, and no previous siblings.
child.previous_element = el
child.previous_sibling = None
# We have no sibling as we've been appended as the last.
child.next_sibling = None
# This index is a tag, dig deeper for a "last descendant"
if isinstance(child, Tag) and child.contents:
descendant = child._last_descendant(False)
# As the final step, link last descendant. It should be linked
# to the parent's next sibling (if found), else walk up the chain
# and find a parent with a sibling. It should have no next sibling.
descendant.next_element = None
descendant.next_sibling = None
target = el
while True:
if target is None:
break
elif target.next_sibling is not None:
descendant.next_element = target.next_sibling
target.next_sibling.previous_element = child
break
target = target.parent
def _popToTag(self, name, nsprefix=None, inclusivePop=True):
"""Pops the tag stack up to and including the most recent
instance of the given tag.
If there are no open tags with the given name, nothing will be
popped.
:param name: Pop up to the most recent tag with this name.
:param nsprefix: The namespace prefix that goes with `name`.
:param inclusivePop: It this is false, pops the tag stack up
to but *not* including the most recent instqance of the
given tag.
"""
#print("Popping to %s" % name)
if name == self.ROOT_TAG_NAME:
# The BeautifulSoup object itself can never be popped.
return
most_recently_popped = None
stack_size = len(self.tagStack)
for i in range(stack_size - 1, 0, -1):
if not self.open_tag_counter.get(name):
break
t = self.tagStack[i]
if (name == t.name and nsprefix == t.prefix):
if inclusivePop:
most_recently_popped = self.popTag()
break
most_recently_popped = self.popTag()
return most_recently_popped
def handle_starttag(self, name, namespace, nsprefix, attrs, sourceline=None,
sourcepos=None, namespaces=None):
"""Called by the tree builder when a new tag is encountered.
:param name: Name of the tag.
:param nsprefix: Namespace prefix for the tag.
:param attrs: A dictionary of attribute values.
:param sourceline: The line number where this tag was found in its
source document.
:param sourcepos: The character position within `sourceline` where this
tag was found.
:param namespaces: A dictionary of all namespace prefix mappings
currently in scope in the document.
If this method returns None, the tag was rejected by an active
SoupStrainer. You should proceed as if the tag had not occurred
in the document. For instance, if this was a self-closing tag,
don't call handle_endtag.
"""
# print("Start tag %s: %s" % (name, attrs))
self.endData()
if (self.parse_only and len(self.tagStack) <= 1
and (self.parse_only.text
or not self.parse_only.search_tag(name, attrs))):
return None
tag = self.element_classes.get(Tag, Tag)(
self, self.builder, name, namespace, nsprefix, attrs,
self.currentTag, self._most_recent_element,
sourceline=sourceline, sourcepos=sourcepos,
namespaces=namespaces
)
if tag is None:
return tag
if self._most_recent_element is not None:
self._most_recent_element.next_element = tag
self._most_recent_element = tag
self.pushTag(tag)
return tag
def handle_endtag(self, name, nsprefix=None):
"""Called by the tree builder when an ending tag is encountered.
:param name: Name of the tag.
:param nsprefix: Namespace prefix for the tag.
"""
#print("End tag: " + name)
self.endData()
self._popToTag(name, nsprefix)
def handle_data(self, data):
"""Called by the tree builder when a chunk of textual data is encountered."""
self.current_data.append(data)
def decode(self, pretty_print=False,
eventual_encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
formatter="minimal", iterator=None):
"""Returns a string or Unicode representation of the parse tree
as an HTML or XML document.
:param pretty_print: If this is True, indentation will be used to
make the document more readable.
:param eventual_encoding: The encoding of the final document.
If this is None, the document will be a Unicode string.
"""
if self.is_xml:
# Print the XML declaration
encoding_part = ''
if eventual_encoding in PYTHON_SPECIFIC_ENCODINGS:
# This is a special Python encoding; it can't actually
# go into an XML document because it means nothing
# outside of Python.
eventual_encoding = None
if eventual_encoding != None:
encoding_part = ' encoding="%s"' % eventual_encoding
prefix = '<?xml version="1.0"%s?>\n' % encoding_part
else:
prefix = ''
if not pretty_print:
indent_level = None
else:
indent_level = 0
return prefix + super(BeautifulSoup, self).decode(
indent_level, eventual_encoding, formatter, iterator)
# Aliases to make it easier to get started quickly, e.g. 'from bs4 import _soup'
_s = BeautifulSoup
_soup = BeautifulSoup
class BeautifulStoneSoup(BeautifulSoup):
"""Deprecated interface to an XML parser."""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
kwargs['features'] = 'xml'
warnings.warn(
'The BeautifulStoneSoup class is deprecated. Instead of using '
'it, pass features="xml" into the BeautifulSoup constructor.',
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
)
super(BeautifulStoneSoup, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
class StopParsing(Exception):
"""Exception raised by a TreeBuilder if it's unable to continue parsing."""
pass
class FeatureNotFound(ValueError):
"""Exception raised by the BeautifulSoup constructor if no parser with the
requested features is found.
"""
pass
#If this file is run as a script, act as an HTML pretty-printer.
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
soup = BeautifulSoup(sys.stdin)
print((soup.prettify()))
PK `ZZZ?kF]' ]'
bs4/css.py"""Integration code for CSS selectors using Soup Sieve (pypi: soupsieve)."""
import warnings
try:
import soupsieve
except ImportError as e:
soupsieve = None
warnings.warn(
'The soupsieve package is not installed. CSS selectors cannot be used.'
)
class CSS(object):
"""A proxy object against the soupsieve library, to simplify its
CSS selector API.
Acquire this object through the .css attribute on the
BeautifulSoup object, or on the Tag you want to use as the
starting point for a CSS selector.
The main advantage of doing this is that the tag to be selected
against doesn't need to be explicitly specified in the function
calls, since it's already scoped to a tag.
"""
def __init__(self, tag, api=soupsieve):
"""Constructor.
You don't need to instantiate this class yourself; instead,
access the .css attribute on the BeautifulSoup object, or on
the Tag you want to use as the starting point for your CSS
selector.
:param tag: All CSS selectors will use this as their starting
point.
:param api: A plug-in replacement for the soupsieve module,
designed mainly for use in tests.
"""
if api is None:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Cannot execute CSS selectors because the soupsieve package is not installed."
)
self.api = api
self.tag = tag
def escape(self, ident):
"""Escape a CSS identifier.
This is a simple wrapper around soupselect.escape(). See the
documentation for that function for more information.
"""
if soupsieve is None:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Cannot escape CSS identifiers because the soupsieve package is not installed."
)
return self.api.escape(ident)
def _ns(self, ns, select):
"""Normalize a dictionary of namespaces."""
if not isinstance(select, self.api.SoupSieve) and ns is None:
# If the selector is a precompiled pattern, it already has
# a namespace context compiled in, which cannot be
# replaced.
ns = self.tag._namespaces
return ns
def _rs(self, results):
"""Normalize a list of results to a Resultset.
A ResultSet is more consistent with the rest of Beautiful
Soup's API, and ResultSet.__getattr__ has a helpful error
message if you try to treat a list of results as a single
result (a common mistake).
"""
# Import here to avoid circular import
from bs4.element import ResultSet
return ResultSet(None, results)
def compile(self, select, namespaces=None, flags=0, **kwargs):
"""Pre-compile a selector and return the compiled object.
:param selector: A CSS selector.
:param namespaces: A dictionary mapping namespace prefixes
used in the CSS selector to namespace URIs. By default,
Beautiful Soup will use the prefixes it encountered while
parsing the document.
:param flags: Flags to be passed into Soup Sieve's
soupsieve.compile() method.
:param kwargs: Keyword arguments to be passed into SoupSieve's
soupsieve.compile() method.
:return: A precompiled selector object.
:rtype: soupsieve.SoupSieve
"""
return self.api.compile(
select, self._ns(namespaces, select), flags, **kwargs
)
def select_one(self, select, namespaces=None, flags=0, **kwargs):
"""Perform a CSS selection operation on the current Tag and return the
first result.
This uses the Soup Sieve library. For more information, see
that library's documentation for the soupsieve.select_one()
method.
:param selector: A CSS selector.
:param namespaces: A dictionary mapping namespace prefixes
used in the CSS selector to namespace URIs. By default,
Beautiful Soup will use the prefixes it encountered while
parsing the document.
:param flags: Flags to be passed into Soup Sieve's
soupsieve.select_one() method.
:param kwargs: Keyword arguments to be passed into SoupSieve's
soupsieve.select_one() method.
:return: A Tag, or None if the selector has no match.
:rtype: bs4.element.Tag
"""
return self.api.select_one(
select, self.tag, self._ns(namespaces, select), flags, **kwargs
)
def select(self, select, namespaces=None, limit=0, flags=0, **kwargs):
"""Perform a CSS selection operation on the current Tag.
This uses the Soup Sieve library. For more information, see
that library's documentation for the soupsieve.select()
method.
:param selector: A string containing a CSS selector.
:param namespaces: A dictionary mapping namespace prefixes
used in the CSS selector to namespace URIs. By default,
Beautiful Soup will pass in the prefixes it encountered while
parsing the document.
:param limit: After finding this number of results, stop looking.
:param flags: Flags to be passed into Soup Sieve's
soupsieve.select() method.
:param kwargs: Keyword arguments to be passed into SoupSieve's
soupsieve.select() method.
:return: A ResultSet of Tag objects.
:rtype: bs4.element.ResultSet
"""
if limit is None:
limit = 0
return self._rs(
self.api.select(
select, self.tag, self._ns(namespaces, select), limit, flags,
**kwargs
)
)
def iselect(self, select, namespaces=None, limit=0, flags=0, **kwargs):
"""Perform a CSS selection operation on the current Tag.
This uses the Soup Sieve library. For more information, see
that library's documentation for the soupsieve.iselect()
method. It is the same as select(), but it returns a generator
instead of a list.
:param selector: A string containing a CSS selector.
:param namespaces: A dictionary mapping namespace prefixes
used in the CSS selector to namespace URIs. By default,
Beautiful Soup will pass in the prefixes it encountered while
parsing the document.
:param limit: After finding this number of results, stop looking.
:param flags: Flags to be passed into Soup Sieve's
soupsieve.iselect() method.
:param kwargs: Keyword arguments to be passed into SoupSieve's
soupsieve.iselect() method.
:return: A generator
:rtype: types.GeneratorType
"""
return self.api.iselect(
select, self.tag, self._ns(namespaces, select), limit, flags, **kwargs
)
def closest(self, select, namespaces=None, flags=0, **kwargs):
"""Find the Tag closest to this one that matches the given selector.
This uses the Soup Sieve library. For more information, see
that library's documentation for the soupsieve.closest()
method.
:param selector: A string containing a CSS selector.
:param namespaces: A dictionary mapping namespace prefixes
used in the CSS selector to namespace URIs. By default,
Beautiful Soup will pass in the prefixes it encountered while
parsing the document.
:param flags: Flags to be passed into Soup Sieve's
soupsieve.closest() method.
:param kwargs: Keyword arguments to be passed into SoupSieve's
soupsieve.closest() method.
:return: A Tag, or None if there is no match.
:rtype: bs4.Tag
"""
return self.api.closest(
select, self.tag, self._ns(namespaces, select), flags, **kwargs
)
def match(self, select, namespaces=None, flags=0, **kwargs):
"""Check whether this Tag matches the given CSS selector.
This uses the Soup Sieve library. For more information, see
that library's documentation for the soupsieve.match()
method.
:param: a CSS selector.
:param namespaces: A dictionary mapping namespace prefixes
used in the CSS selector to namespace URIs. By default,
Beautiful Soup will pass in the prefixes it encountered while
parsing the document.
:param flags: Flags to be passed into Soup Sieve's
soupsieve.match() method.
:param kwargs: Keyword arguments to be passed into SoupSieve's
soupsieve.match() method.
:return: True if this Tag matches the selector; False otherwise.
:rtype: bool
"""
return self.api.match(
select, self.tag, self._ns(namespaces, select), flags, **kwargs
)
def filter(self, select, namespaces=None, flags=0, **kwargs):
"""Filter this Tag's direct children based on the given CSS selector.
This uses the Soup Sieve library. It works the same way as
passing this Tag into that library's soupsieve.filter()
method. More information, for more information see the
documentation for soupsieve.filter().
:param namespaces: A dictionary mapping namespace prefixes
used in the CSS selector to namespace URIs. By default,
Beautiful Soup will pass in the prefixes it encountered while
parsing the document.
:param flags: Flags to be passed into Soup Sieve's
soupsieve.filter() method.
:param kwargs: Keyword arguments to be passed into SoupSieve's
soupsieve.filter() method.
:return: A ResultSet of Tag objects.
:rtype: bs4.element.ResultSet
"""
return self._rs(
self.api.filter(
select, self.tag, self._ns(namespaces, select), flags, **kwargs
)
)
PK `ZZZi��LƠ Ơ
bs4/dammit.py# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Beautiful Soup bonus library: Unicode, Dammit
This library converts a bytestream to Unicode through any means
necessary. It is heavily based on code from Mark Pilgrim's Universal
Feed Parser. It works best on XML and HTML, but it does not rewrite the
XML or HTML to reflect a new encoding; that's the tree builder's job.
"""
# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license.
__license__ = "MIT"
from html.entities import codepoint2name
from collections import defaultdict
import codecs
import re
import logging
import string
# Import a library to autodetect character encodings. We'll support
# any of a number of libraries that all support the same API:
#
# * cchardet
# * chardet
# * charset-normalizer
chardet_module = None
try:
# PyPI package: cchardet
import cchardet as chardet_module
except ImportError:
try:
# Debian package: python-chardet
# PyPI package: chardet
import chardet as chardet_module
except ImportError:
try:
# PyPI package: charset-normalizer
import charset_normalizer as chardet_module
except ImportError:
# No chardet available.
chardet_module = None
if chardet_module:
def chardet_dammit(s):
if isinstance(s, str):
return None
return chardet_module.detect(s)['encoding']
else:
def chardet_dammit(s):
return None
# Build bytestring and Unicode versions of regular expressions for finding
# a declared encoding inside an XML or HTML document.
xml_encoding = '^\\s*<\\?.*encoding=[\'"](.*?)[\'"].*\\?>'
html_meta = '<\\s*meta[^>]+charset\\s*=\\s*["\']?([^>]*?)[ /;\'">]'
encoding_res = dict()
encoding_res[bytes] = {
'html' : re.compile(html_meta.encode("ascii"), re.I),
'xml' : re.compile(xml_encoding.encode("ascii"), re.I),
}
encoding_res[str] = {
'html' : re.compile(html_meta, re.I),
'xml' : re.compile(xml_encoding, re.I)
}
from html.entities import html5
class EntitySubstitution(object):
"""The ability to substitute XML or HTML entities for certain characters."""
def _populate_class_variables():
"""Initialize variables used by this class to manage the plethora of
HTML5 named entities.
This function returns a 3-tuple containing two dictionaries
and a regular expression:
unicode_to_name - A mapping of Unicode strings like "⦨" to
entity names like "angmsdaa". When a single Unicode string has
multiple entity names, we try to choose the most commonly-used
name.
name_to_unicode: A mapping of entity names like "angmsdaa" to
Unicode strings like "⦨".
named_entity_re: A regular expression matching (almost) any
Unicode string that corresponds to an HTML5 named entity.
"""
unicode_to_name = {}
name_to_unicode = {}
short_entities = set()
long_entities_by_first_character = defaultdict(set)
for name_with_semicolon, character in sorted(html5.items()):
# "It is intentional, for legacy compatibility, that many
# code points have multiple character reference names. For
# example, some appear both with and without the trailing
# semicolon, or with different capitalizations."
# - https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/named-characters.html#named-character-references
#
# The parsers are in charge of handling (or not) character
# references with no trailing semicolon, so we remove the
# semicolon whenever it appears.
if name_with_semicolon.endswith(';'):
name = name_with_semicolon[:-1]
else:
name = name_with_semicolon
# When parsing HTML, we want to recognize any known named
# entity and convert it to a sequence of Unicode
# characters.
if name not in name_to_unicode:
name_to_unicode[name] = character
# When _generating_ HTML, we want to recognize special
# character sequences that _could_ be converted to named
# entities.
unicode_to_name[character] = name
# We also need to build a regular expression that lets us
# _find_ those characters in output strings so we can
# replace them.
#
# This is tricky, for two reasons.
if (len(character) == 1 and ord(character) < 128
and character not in '<>&'):
# First, it would be annoying to turn single ASCII
# characters like | into named entities like
# |. The exceptions are <>&, which we _must_
# turn into named entities to produce valid HTML.
continue
if len(character) > 1 and all(ord(x) < 128 for x in character):
# We also do not want to turn _combinations_ of ASCII
# characters like 'fj' into named entities like 'fj',
# though that's more debateable.
continue
# Second, some named entities have a Unicode value that's
# a subset of the Unicode value for some _other_ named
# entity. As an example, \u2267' is ≧,
# but '\u2267\u0338' is ≧̸. Our regular
# expression needs to match the first two characters of
# "\u2267\u0338foo", but only the first character of
# "\u2267foo".
#
# In this step, we build two sets of characters that
# _eventually_ need to go into the regular expression. But
# we won't know exactly what the regular expression needs
# to look like until we've gone through the entire list of
# named entities.
if len(character) == 1:
short_entities.add(character)
else:
long_entities_by_first_character[character[0]].add(character)
# Now that we've been through the entire list of entities, we
# can create a regular expression that matches any of them.
particles = set()
for short in short_entities:
long_versions = long_entities_by_first_character[short]
if not long_versions:
particles.add(short)
else:
ignore = "".join([x[1] for x in long_versions])
# This finds, e.g. \u2267 but only if it is _not_
# followed by \u0338.
particles.add("%s(?![%s])" % (short, ignore))
for long_entities in list(long_entities_by_first_character.values()):
for long_entity in long_entities:
particles.add(long_entity)
re_definition = "(%s)" % "|".join(particles)
# If an entity shows up in both html5 and codepoint2name, it's
# likely that HTML5 gives it several different names, such as
# 'rsquo' and 'rsquor'. When converting Unicode characters to
# named entities, the codepoint2name name should take
# precedence where possible, since that's the more easily
# recognizable one.
for codepoint, name in list(codepoint2name.items()):
character = chr(codepoint)
unicode_to_name[character] = name
return unicode_to_name, name_to_unicode, re.compile(re_definition)
(CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY, HTML_ENTITY_TO_CHARACTER,
CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY_RE) = _populate_class_variables()
CHARACTER_TO_XML_ENTITY = {
"'": "apos",
'"': "quot",
"&": "amp",
"<": "lt",
">": "gt",
}
BARE_AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET = re.compile("([<>]|"
"&(?!#\\d+;|#x[0-9a-fA-F]+;|\\w+;)"
")")
AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET = re.compile("([<>&])")
@classmethod
def _substitute_html_entity(cls, matchobj):
"""Used with a regular expression to substitute the
appropriate HTML entity for a special character string."""
entity = cls.CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY.get(matchobj.group(0))
return "&%s;" % entity
@classmethod
def _substitute_xml_entity(cls, matchobj):
"""Used with a regular expression to substitute the
appropriate XML entity for a special character string."""
entity = cls.CHARACTER_TO_XML_ENTITY[matchobj.group(0)]
return "&%s;" % entity
@classmethod
def quoted_attribute_value(self, value):
"""Make a value into a quoted XML attribute, possibly escaping it.
Most strings will be quoted using double quotes.
Bob's Bar -> "Bob's Bar"
If a string contains double quotes, it will be quoted using
single quotes.
Welcome to "my bar" -> 'Welcome to "my bar"'
If a string contains both single and double quotes, the
double quotes will be escaped, and the string will be quoted
using double quotes.
Welcome to "Bob's Bar" -> "Welcome to "Bob's bar"
"""
quote_with = '"'
if '"' in value:
if "'" in value:
# The string contains both single and double
# quotes. Turn the double quotes into
# entities. We quote the double quotes rather than
# the single quotes because the entity name is
# """ whether this is HTML or XML. If we
# quoted the single quotes, we'd have to decide
# between ' and &squot;.
replace_with = """
value = value.replace('"', replace_with)
else:
# There are double quotes but no single quotes.
# We can use single quotes to quote the attribute.
quote_with = "'"
return quote_with + value + quote_with
@classmethod
def substitute_xml(cls, value, make_quoted_attribute=False):
"""Substitute XML entities for special XML characters.
:param value: A string to be substituted. The less-than sign
will become <, the greater-than sign will become >,
and any ampersands will become &. If you want ampersands
that appear to be part of an entity definition to be left
alone, use substitute_xml_containing_entities() instead.
:param make_quoted_attribute: If True, then the string will be
quoted, as befits an attribute value.
"""
# Escape angle brackets and ampersands.
value = cls.AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET.sub(
cls._substitute_xml_entity, value)
if make_quoted_attribute:
value = cls.quoted_attribute_value(value)
return value
@classmethod
def substitute_xml_containing_entities(
cls, value, make_quoted_attribute=False):
"""Substitute XML entities for special XML characters.
:param value: A string to be substituted. The less-than sign will
become <, the greater-than sign will become >, and any
ampersands that are not part of an entity defition will
become &.
:param make_quoted_attribute: If True, then the string will be
quoted, as befits an attribute value.
"""
# Escape angle brackets, and ampersands that aren't part of
# entities.
value = cls.BARE_AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET.sub(
cls._substitute_xml_entity, value)
if make_quoted_attribute:
value = cls.quoted_attribute_value(value)
return value
@classmethod
def substitute_html(cls, s):
"""Replace certain Unicode characters with named HTML entities.
This differs from data.encode(encoding, 'xmlcharrefreplace')
in that the goal is to make the result more readable (to those
with ASCII displays) rather than to recover from
errors. There's absolutely nothing wrong with a UTF-8 string
containg a LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE, but replacing that
character with "é" will make it more readable to some
people.
:param s: A Unicode string.
"""
return cls.CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY_RE.sub(
cls._substitute_html_entity, s)
class EncodingDetector:
"""Suggests a number of possible encodings for a bytestring.
Order of precedence:
1. Encodings you specifically tell EncodingDetector to try first
(the known_definite_encodings argument to the constructor).
2. An encoding determined by sniffing the document's byte-order mark.
3. Encodings you specifically tell EncodingDetector to try if
byte-order mark sniffing fails (the user_encodings argument to the
constructor).
4. An encoding declared within the bytestring itself, either in an
XML declaration (if the bytestring is to be interpreted as an XML
document), or in a <meta> tag (if the bytestring is to be
interpreted as an HTML document.)
5. An encoding detected through textual analysis by chardet,
cchardet, or a similar external library.
4. UTF-8.
5. Windows-1252.
"""
def __init__(self, markup, known_definite_encodings=None,
is_html=False, exclude_encodings=None,
user_encodings=None, override_encodings=None):
"""Constructor.
:param markup: Some markup in an unknown encoding.
:param known_definite_encodings: When determining the encoding
of `markup`, these encodings will be tried first, in
order. In HTML terms, this corresponds to the "known
definite encoding" step defined here:
https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/parsing.html#parsing-with-a-known-character-encoding
:param user_encodings: These encodings will be tried after the
`known_definite_encodings` have been tried and failed, and
after an attempt to sniff the encoding by looking at a
byte order mark has failed. In HTML terms, this
corresponds to the step "user has explicitly instructed
the user agent to override the document's character
encoding", defined here:
https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/parsing.html#determining-the-character-encoding
:param override_encodings: A deprecated alias for
known_definite_encodings. Any encodings here will be tried
immediately after the encodings in
known_definite_encodings.
:param is_html: If True, this markup is considered to be
HTML. Otherwise it's assumed to be XML.
:param exclude_encodings: These encodings will not be tried,
even if they otherwise would be.
"""
self.known_definite_encodings = list(known_definite_encodings or [])
if override_encodings:
self.known_definite_encodings += override_encodings
self.user_encodings = user_encodings or []
exclude_encodings = exclude_encodings or []
self.exclude_encodings = set([x.lower() for x in exclude_encodings])
self.chardet_encoding = None
self.is_html = is_html
self.declared_encoding = None
# First order of business: strip a byte-order mark.
self.markup, self.sniffed_encoding = self.strip_byte_order_mark(markup)
def _usable(self, encoding, tried):
"""Should we even bother to try this encoding?
:param encoding: Name of an encoding.
:param tried: Encodings that have already been tried. This will be modified
as a side effect.
"""
if encoding is not None:
encoding = encoding.lower()
if encoding in self.exclude_encodings:
return False
if encoding not in tried:
tried.add(encoding)
return True
return False
@property
def encodings(self):
"""Yield a number of encodings that might work for this markup.
:yield: A sequence of strings.
"""
tried = set()
# First, try the known definite encodings
for e in self.known_definite_encodings:
if self._usable(e, tried):
yield e
# Did the document originally start with a byte-order mark
# that indicated its encoding?
if self._usable(self.sniffed_encoding, tried):
yield self.sniffed_encoding
# Sniffing the byte-order mark did nothing; try the user
# encodings.
for e in self.user_encodings:
if self._usable(e, tried):
yield e
# Look within the document for an XML or HTML encoding
# declaration.
if self.declared_encoding is None:
self.declared_encoding = self.find_declared_encoding(
self.markup, self.is_html)
if self._usable(self.declared_encoding, tried):
yield self.declared_encoding
# Use third-party character set detection to guess at the
# encoding.
if self.chardet_encoding is None:
self.chardet_encoding = chardet_dammit(self.markup)
if self._usable(self.chardet_encoding, tried):
yield self.chardet_encoding
# As a last-ditch effort, try utf-8 and windows-1252.
for e in ('utf-8', 'windows-1252'):
if self._usable(e, tried):
yield e
@classmethod
def strip_byte_order_mark(cls, data):
"""If a byte-order mark is present, strip it and return the encoding it implies.
:param data: Some markup.
:return: A 2-tuple (modified data, implied encoding)
"""
encoding = None
if isinstance(data, str):
# Unicode data cannot have a byte-order mark.
return data, encoding
if (len(data) >= 4) and (data[:2] == b'\xfe\xff') \
and (data[2:4] != '\x00\x00'):
encoding = 'utf-16be'
data = data[2:]
elif (len(data) >= 4) and (data[:2] == b'\xff\xfe') \
and (data[2:4] != '\x00\x00'):
encoding = 'utf-16le'
data = data[2:]
elif data[:3] == b'\xef\xbb\xbf':
encoding = 'utf-8'
data = data[3:]
elif data[:4] == b'\x00\x00\xfe\xff':
encoding = 'utf-32be'
data = data[4:]
elif data[:4] == b'\xff\xfe\x00\x00':
encoding = 'utf-32le'
data = data[4:]
return data, encoding
@classmethod
def find_declared_encoding(cls, markup, is_html=False, search_entire_document=False):
"""Given a document, tries to find its declared encoding.
An XML encoding is declared at the beginning of the document.
An HTML encoding is declared in a <meta> tag, hopefully near the
beginning of the document.
:param markup: Some markup.
:param is_html: If True, this markup is considered to be HTML. Otherwise
it's assumed to be XML.
:param search_entire_document: Since an encoding is supposed to declared near the beginning
of the document, most of the time it's only necessary to search a few kilobytes of data.
Set this to True to force this method to search the entire document.
"""
if search_entire_document:
xml_endpos = html_endpos = len(markup)
else:
xml_endpos = 1024
html_endpos = max(2048, int(len(markup) * 0.05))
if isinstance(markup, bytes):
res = encoding_res[bytes]
else:
res = encoding_res[str]
xml_re = res['xml']
html_re = res['html']
declared_encoding = None
declared_encoding_match = xml_re.search(markup, endpos=xml_endpos)
if not declared_encoding_match and is_html:
declared_encoding_match = html_re.search(markup, endpos=html_endpos)
if declared_encoding_match is not None:
declared_encoding = declared_encoding_match.groups()[0]
if declared_encoding:
if isinstance(declared_encoding, bytes):
declared_encoding = declared_encoding.decode('ascii', 'replace')
return declared_encoding.lower()
return None
class UnicodeDammit:
"""A class for detecting the encoding of a *ML document and
converting it to a Unicode string. If the source encoding is
windows-1252, can replace MS smart quotes with their HTML or XML
equivalents."""
# This dictionary maps commonly seen values for "charset" in HTML
# meta tags to the corresponding Python codec names. It only covers
# values that aren't in Python's aliases and can't be determined
# by the heuristics in find_codec.
CHARSET_ALIASES = {"macintosh": "mac-roman",
"x-sjis": "shift-jis"}
ENCODINGS_WITH_SMART_QUOTES = [
"windows-1252",
"iso-8859-1",
"iso-8859-2",
]
def __init__(self, markup, known_definite_encodings=[],
smart_quotes_to=None, is_html=False, exclude_encodings=[],
user_encodings=None, override_encodings=None
):
"""Constructor.
:param markup: A bytestring representing markup in an unknown encoding.
:param known_definite_encodings: When determining the encoding
of `markup`, these encodings will be tried first, in
order. In HTML terms, this corresponds to the "known
definite encoding" step defined here:
https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/parsing.html#parsing-with-a-known-character-encoding
:param user_encodings: These encodings will be tried after the
`known_definite_encodings` have been tried and failed, and
after an attempt to sniff the encoding by looking at a
byte order mark has failed. In HTML terms, this
corresponds to the step "user has explicitly instructed
the user agent to override the document's character
encoding", defined here:
https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/parsing.html#determining-the-character-encoding
:param override_encodings: A deprecated alias for
known_definite_encodings. Any encodings here will be tried
immediately after the encodings in
known_definite_encodings.
:param smart_quotes_to: By default, Microsoft smart quotes will, like all other characters, be converted
to Unicode characters. Setting this to 'ascii' will convert them to ASCII quotes instead.
Setting it to 'xml' will convert them to XML entity references, and setting it to 'html'
will convert them to HTML entity references.
:param is_html: If True, this markup is considered to be HTML. Otherwise
it's assumed to be XML.
:param exclude_encodings: These encodings will not be considered, even
if the sniffing code thinks they might make sense.
"""
self.smart_quotes_to = smart_quotes_to
self.tried_encodings = []
self.contains_replacement_characters = False
self.is_html = is_html
self.log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
self.detector = EncodingDetector(
markup, known_definite_encodings, is_html, exclude_encodings,
user_encodings, override_encodings
)
# Short-circuit if the data is in Unicode to begin with.
if isinstance(markup, str) or markup == '':
self.markup = markup
self.unicode_markup = str(markup)
self.original_encoding = None
return
# The encoding detector may have stripped a byte-order mark.
# Use the stripped markup from this point on.
self.markup = self.detector.markup
u = None
for encoding in self.detector.encodings:
markup = self.detector.markup
u = self._convert_from(encoding)
if u is not None:
break
if not u:
# None of the encodings worked. As an absolute last resort,
# try them again with character replacement.
for encoding in self.detector.encodings:
if encoding != "ascii":
u = self._convert_from(encoding, "replace")
if u is not None:
self.log.warning(
"Some characters could not be decoded, and were "
"replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER."
)
self.contains_replacement_characters = True
break
# If none of that worked, we could at this point force it to
# ASCII, but that would destroy so much data that I think
# giving up is better.
self.unicode_markup = u
if not u:
self.original_encoding = None
def _sub_ms_char(self, match):
"""Changes a MS smart quote character to an XML or HTML
entity, or an ASCII character."""
orig = match.group(1)
if self.smart_quotes_to == 'ascii':
sub = self.MS_CHARS_TO_ASCII.get(orig).encode()
else:
sub = self.MS_CHARS.get(orig)
if type(sub) == tuple:
if self.smart_quotes_to == 'xml':
sub = '&#x'.encode() + sub[1].encode() + ';'.encode()
else:
sub = '&'.encode() + sub[0].encode() + ';'.encode()
else:
sub = sub.encode()
return sub
def _convert_from(self, proposed, errors="strict"):
"""Attempt to convert the markup to the proposed encoding.
:param proposed: The name of a character encoding.
"""
proposed = self.find_codec(proposed)
if not proposed or (proposed, errors) in self.tried_encodings:
return None
self.tried_encodings.append((proposed, errors))
markup = self.markup
# Convert smart quotes to HTML if coming from an encoding
# that might have them.
if (self.smart_quotes_to is not None
and proposed in self.ENCODINGS_WITH_SMART_QUOTES):
smart_quotes_re = b"([\x80-\x9f])"
smart_quotes_compiled = re.compile(smart_quotes_re)
markup = smart_quotes_compiled.sub(self._sub_ms_char, markup)
try:
#print("Trying to convert document to %s (errors=%s)" % (
# proposed, errors))
u = self._to_unicode(markup, proposed, errors)
self.markup = u
self.original_encoding = proposed
except Exception as e:
#print("That didn't work!")
#print(e)
return None
#print("Correct encoding: %s" % proposed)
return self.markup
def _to_unicode(self, data, encoding, errors="strict"):
"""Given a string and its encoding, decodes the string into Unicode.
:param encoding: The name of an encoding.
"""
return str(data, encoding, errors)
@property
def declared_html_encoding(self):
"""If the markup is an HTML document, returns the encoding declared _within_
the document.
"""
if not self.is_html:
return None
return self.detector.declared_encoding
def find_codec(self, charset):
"""Convert the name of a character set to a codec name.
:param charset: The name of a character set.
:return: The name of a codec.
"""
value = (self._codec(self.CHARSET_ALIASES.get(charset, charset))
or (charset and self._codec(charset.replace("-", "")))
or (charset and self._codec(charset.replace("-", "_")))
or (charset and charset.lower())
or charset
)
if value:
return value.lower()
return None
def _codec(self, charset):
if not charset:
return charset
codec = None
try:
codecs.lookup(charset)
codec = charset
except (LookupError, ValueError):
pass
return codec
# A partial mapping of ISO-Latin-1 to HTML entities/XML numeric entities.
MS_CHARS = {b'\x80': ('euro', '20AC'),
b'\x81': ' ',
b'\x82': ('sbquo', '201A'),
b'\x83': ('fnof', '192'),
b'\x84': ('bdquo', '201E'),
b'\x85': ('hellip', '2026'),
b'\x86': ('dagger', '2020'),
b'\x87': ('Dagger', '2021'),
b'\x88': ('circ', '2C6'),
b'\x89': ('permil', '2030'),
b'\x8A': ('Scaron', '160'),
b'\x8B': ('lsaquo', '2039'),
b'\x8C': ('OElig', '152'),
b'\x8D': '?',
b'\x8E': ('#x17D', '17D'),
b'\x8F': '?',
b'\x90': '?',
b'\x91': ('lsquo', '2018'),
b'\x92': ('rsquo', '2019'),
b'\x93': ('ldquo', '201C'),
b'\x94': ('rdquo', '201D'),
b'\x95': ('bull', '2022'),
b'\x96': ('ndash', '2013'),
b'\x97': ('mdash', '2014'),
b'\x98': ('tilde', '2DC'),
b'\x99': ('trade', '2122'),
b'\x9a': ('scaron', '161'),
b'\x9b': ('rsaquo', '203A'),
b'\x9c': ('oelig', '153'),
b'\x9d': '?',
b'\x9e': ('#x17E', '17E'),
b'\x9f': ('Yuml', ''),}
# A parochial partial mapping of ISO-Latin-1 to ASCII. Contains
# horrors like stripping diacritical marks to turn á into a, but also
# contains non-horrors like turning “ into ".
MS_CHARS_TO_ASCII = {
b'\x80' : 'EUR',
b'\x81' : ' ',
b'\x82' : ',',
b'\x83' : 'f',
b'\x84' : ',,',
b'\x85' : '...',
b'\x86' : '+',
b'\x87' : '++',
b'\x88' : '^',
b'\x89' : '%',
b'\x8a' : 'S',
b'\x8b' : '<',
b'\x8c' : 'OE',
b'\x8d' : '?',
b'\x8e' : 'Z',
b'\x8f' : '?',
b'\x90' : '?',
b'\x91' : "'",
b'\x92' : "'",
b'\x93' : '"',
b'\x94' : '"',
b'\x95' : '*',
b'\x96' : '-',
b'\x97' : '--',
b'\x98' : '~',
b'\x99' : '(TM)',
b'\x9a' : 's',
b'\x9b' : '>',
b'\x9c' : 'oe',
b'\x9d' : '?',
b'\x9e' : 'z',
b'\x9f' : 'Y',
b'\xa0' : ' ',
b'\xa1' : '!',
b'\xa2' : 'c',
b'\xa3' : 'GBP',
b'\xa4' : '$', #This approximation is especially parochial--this is the
#generic currency symbol.
b'\xa5' : 'YEN',
b'\xa6' : '|',
b'\xa7' : 'S',
b'\xa8' : '..',
b'\xa9' : '',
b'\xaa' : '(th)',
b'\xab' : '<<',
b'\xac' : '!',
b'\xad' : ' ',
b'\xae' : '(R)',
b'\xaf' : '-',
b'\xb0' : 'o',
b'\xb1' : '+-',
b'\xb2' : '2',
b'\xb3' : '3',
b'\xb4' : ("'", 'acute'),
b'\xb5' : 'u',
b'\xb6' : 'P',
b'\xb7' : '*',
b'\xb8' : ',',
b'\xb9' : '1',
b'\xba' : '(th)',
b'\xbb' : '>>',
b'\xbc' : '1/4',
b'\xbd' : '1/2',
b'\xbe' : '3/4',
b'\xbf' : '?',
b'\xc0' : 'A',
b'\xc1' : 'A',
b'\xc2' : 'A',
b'\xc3' : 'A',
b'\xc4' : 'A',
b'\xc5' : 'A',
b'\xc6' : 'AE',
b'\xc7' : 'C',
b'\xc8' : 'E',
b'\xc9' : 'E',
b'\xca' : 'E',
b'\xcb' : 'E',
b'\xcc' : 'I',
b'\xcd' : 'I',
b'\xce' : 'I',
b'\xcf' : 'I',
b'\xd0' : 'D',
b'\xd1' : 'N',
b'\xd2' : 'O',
b'\xd3' : 'O',
b'\xd4' : 'O',
b'\xd5' : 'O',
b'\xd6' : 'O',
b'\xd7' : '*',
b'\xd8' : 'O',
b'\xd9' : 'U',
b'\xda' : 'U',
b'\xdb' : 'U',
b'\xdc' : 'U',
b'\xdd' : 'Y',
b'\xde' : 'b',
b'\xdf' : 'B',
b'\xe0' : 'a',
b'\xe1' : 'a',
b'\xe2' : 'a',
b'\xe3' : 'a',
b'\xe4' : 'a',
b'\xe5' : 'a',
b'\xe6' : 'ae',
b'\xe7' : 'c',
b'\xe8' : 'e',
b'\xe9' : 'e',
b'\xea' : 'e',
b'\xeb' : 'e',
b'\xec' : 'i',
b'\xed' : 'i',
b'\xee' : 'i',
b'\xef' : 'i',
b'\xf0' : 'o',
b'\xf1' : 'n',
b'\xf2' : 'o',
b'\xf3' : 'o',
b'\xf4' : 'o',
b'\xf5' : 'o',
b'\xf6' : 'o',
b'\xf7' : '/',
b'\xf8' : 'o',
b'\xf9' : 'u',
b'\xfa' : 'u',
b'\xfb' : 'u',
b'\xfc' : 'u',
b'\xfd' : 'y',
b'\xfe' : 'b',
b'\xff' : 'y',
}
# A map used when removing rogue Windows-1252/ISO-8859-1
# characters in otherwise UTF-8 documents.
#
# Note that \x81, \x8d, \x8f, \x90, and \x9d are undefined in
# Windows-1252.
WINDOWS_1252_TO_UTF8 = {
0x80 : b'\xe2\x82\xac', # €
0x82 : b'\xe2\x80\x9a', # ‚
0x83 : b'\xc6\x92', # ƒ
0x84 : b'\xe2\x80\x9e', # „
0x85 : b'\xe2\x80\xa6', # …
0x86 : b'\xe2\x80\xa0', # †
0x87 : b'\xe2\x80\xa1', # ‡
0x88 : b'\xcb\x86', # ˆ
0x89 : b'\xe2\x80\xb0', # ‰
0x8a : b'\xc5\xa0', # Š
0x8b : b'\xe2\x80\xb9', # ‹
0x8c : b'\xc5\x92', # Œ
0x8e : b'\xc5\xbd', # Ž
0x91 : b'\xe2\x80\x98', # ‘
0x92 : b'\xe2\x80\x99', # ’
0x93 : b'\xe2\x80\x9c', # “
0x94 : b'\xe2\x80\x9d', # ”
0x95 : b'\xe2\x80\xa2', # •
0x96 : b'\xe2\x80\x93', # –
0x97 : b'\xe2\x80\x94', # —
0x98 : b'\xcb\x9c', # ˜
0x99 : b'\xe2\x84\xa2', # ™
0x9a : b'\xc5\xa1', # š
0x9b : b'\xe2\x80\xba', # ›
0x9c : b'\xc5\x93', # œ
0x9e : b'\xc5\xbe', # ž
0x9f : b'\xc5\xb8', # Ÿ
0xa0 : b'\xc2\xa0', #
0xa1 : b'\xc2\xa1', # ¡
0xa2 : b'\xc2\xa2', # ¢
0xa3 : b'\xc2\xa3', # £
0xa4 : b'\xc2\xa4', # ¤
0xa5 : b'\xc2\xa5', # ¥
0xa6 : b'\xc2\xa6', # ¦
0xa7 : b'\xc2\xa7', # §
0xa8 : b'\xc2\xa8', # ¨
0xa9 : b'\xc2\xa9', # ©
0xaa : b'\xc2\xaa', # ª
0xab : b'\xc2\xab', # «
0xac : b'\xc2\xac', # ¬
0xad : b'\xc2\xad', #
0xae : b'\xc2\xae', # ®
0xaf : b'\xc2\xaf', # ¯
0xb0 : b'\xc2\xb0', # °
0xb1 : b'\xc2\xb1', # ±
0xb2 : b'\xc2\xb2', # ²
0xb3 : b'\xc2\xb3', # ³
0xb4 : b'\xc2\xb4', # ´
0xb5 : b'\xc2\xb5', # µ
0xb6 : b'\xc2\xb6', # ¶
0xb7 : b'\xc2\xb7', # ·
0xb8 : b'\xc2\xb8', # ¸
0xb9 : b'\xc2\xb9', # ¹
0xba : b'\xc2\xba', # º
0xbb : b'\xc2\xbb', # »
0xbc : b'\xc2\xbc', # ¼
0xbd : b'\xc2\xbd', # ½
0xbe : b'\xc2\xbe', # ¾
0xbf : b'\xc2\xbf', # ¿
0xc0 : b'\xc3\x80', # À
0xc1 : b'\xc3\x81', # Á
0xc2 : b'\xc3\x82', # Â
0xc3 : b'\xc3\x83', # Ã
0xc4 : b'\xc3\x84', # Ä
0xc5 : b'\xc3\x85', # Å
0xc6 : b'\xc3\x86', # Æ
0xc7 : b'\xc3\x87', # Ç
0xc8 : b'\xc3\x88', # È
0xc9 : b'\xc3\x89', # É
0xca : b'\xc3\x8a', # Ê
0xcb : b'\xc3\x8b', # Ë
0xcc : b'\xc3\x8c', # Ì
0xcd : b'\xc3\x8d', # Í
0xce : b'\xc3\x8e', # Î
0xcf : b'\xc3\x8f', # Ï
0xd0 : b'\xc3\x90', # Ð
0xd1 : b'\xc3\x91', # Ñ
0xd2 : b'\xc3\x92', # Ò
0xd3 : b'\xc3\x93', # Ó
0xd4 : b'\xc3\x94', # Ô
0xd5 : b'\xc3\x95', # Õ
0xd6 : b'\xc3\x96', # Ö
0xd7 : b'\xc3\x97', # ×
0xd8 : b'\xc3\x98', # Ø
0xd9 : b'\xc3\x99', # Ù
0xda : b'\xc3\x9a', # Ú
0xdb : b'\xc3\x9b', # Û
0xdc : b'\xc3\x9c', # Ü
0xdd : b'\xc3\x9d', # Ý
0xde : b'\xc3\x9e', # Þ
0xdf : b'\xc3\x9f', # ß
0xe0 : b'\xc3\xa0', # à
0xe1 : b'\xa1', # á
0xe2 : b'\xc3\xa2', # â
0xe3 : b'\xc3\xa3', # ã
0xe4 : b'\xc3\xa4', # ä
0xe5 : b'\xc3\xa5', # å
0xe6 : b'\xc3\xa6', # æ
0xe7 : b'\xc3\xa7', # ç
0xe8 : b'\xc3\xa8', # è
0xe9 : b'\xc3\xa9', # é
0xea : b'\xc3\xaa', # ê
0xeb : b'\xc3\xab', # ë
0xec : b'\xc3\xac', # ì
0xed : b'\xc3\xad', # í
0xee : b'\xc3\xae', # î
0xef : b'\xc3\xaf', # ï
0xf0 : b'\xc3\xb0', # ð
0xf1 : b'\xc3\xb1', # ñ
0xf2 : b'\xc3\xb2', # ò
0xf3 : b'\xc3\xb3', # ó
0xf4 : b'\xc3\xb4', # ô
0xf5 : b'\xc3\xb5', # õ
0xf6 : b'\xc3\xb6', # ö
0xf7 : b'\xc3\xb7', # ÷
0xf8 : b'\xc3\xb8', # ø
0xf9 : b'\xc3\xb9', # ù
0xfa : b'\xc3\xba', # ú
0xfb : b'\xc3\xbb', # û
0xfc : b'\xc3\xbc', # ü
0xfd : b'\xc3\xbd', # ý
0xfe : b'\xc3\xbe', # þ
}
MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES = [
(0xc2, 0xdf, 2), # 2-byte characters start with a byte C2-DF
(0xe0, 0xef, 3), # 3-byte characters start with E0-EF
(0xf0, 0xf4, 4), # 4-byte characters start with F0-F4
]
FIRST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER = MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES[0][0]
LAST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER = MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES[-1][1]
@classmethod
def detwingle(cls, in_bytes, main_encoding="utf8",
embedded_encoding="windows-1252"):
"""Fix characters from one encoding embedded in some other encoding.
Currently the only situation supported is Windows-1252 (or its
subset ISO-8859-1), embedded in UTF-8.
:param in_bytes: A bytestring that you suspect contains
characters from multiple encodings. Note that this _must_
be a bytestring. If you've already converted the document
to Unicode, you're too late.
:param main_encoding: The primary encoding of `in_bytes`.
:param embedded_encoding: The encoding that was used to embed characters
in the main document.
:return: A bytestring in which `embedded_encoding`
characters have been converted to their `main_encoding`
equivalents.
"""
if embedded_encoding.replace('_', '-').lower() not in (
'windows-1252', 'windows_1252'):
raise NotImplementedError(
"Windows-1252 and ISO-8859-1 are the only currently supported "
"embedded encodings.")
if main_encoding.lower() not in ('utf8', 'utf-8'):
raise NotImplementedError(
"UTF-8 is the only currently supported main encoding.")
byte_chunks = []
chunk_start = 0
pos = 0
while pos < len(in_bytes):
byte = in_bytes[pos]
if not isinstance(byte, int):
# Python 2.x
byte = ord(byte)
if (byte >= cls.FIRST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER
and byte <= cls.LAST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER):
# This is the start of a UTF-8 multibyte character. Skip
# to the end.
for start, end, size in cls.MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES:
if byte >= start and byte <= end:
pos += size
break
elif byte >= 0x80 and byte in cls.WINDOWS_1252_TO_UTF8:
# We found a Windows-1252 character!
# Save the string up to this point as a chunk.
byte_chunks.append(in_bytes[chunk_start:pos])
# Now translate the Windows-1252 character into UTF-8
# and add it as another, one-byte chunk.
byte_chunks.append(cls.WINDOWS_1252_TO_UTF8[byte])
pos += 1
chunk_start = pos
else:
# Go on to the next character.
pos += 1
if chunk_start == 0:
# The string is unchanged.
return in_bytes
else:
# Store the final chunk.
byte_chunks.append(in_bytes[chunk_start:])
return b''.join(byte_chunks)
PK `ZZZVL�5 bs4/diagnose.py"""Diagnostic functions, mainly for use when doing tech support."""
# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license.
__license__ = "MIT"
import cProfile
from io import BytesIO
from html.parser import HTMLParser
import bs4
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, __version__
from bs4.builder import builder_registry
import os
import pstats
import random
import tempfile
import time
import traceback
import sys
import cProfile
def diagnose(data):
"""Diagnostic suite for isolating common problems.
:param data: A string containing markup that needs to be explained.
:return: None; diagnostics are printed to standard output.
"""
print(("Diagnostic running on Beautiful Soup %s" % __version__))
print(("Python version %s" % sys.version))
basic_parsers = ["html.parser", "html5lib", "lxml"]
for name in basic_parsers:
for builder in builder_registry.builders:
if name in builder.features:
break
else:
basic_parsers.remove(name)
print((
"I noticed that %s is not installed. Installing it may help." %
name))
if 'lxml' in basic_parsers:
basic_parsers.append("lxml-xml")
try:
from lxml import etree
print(("Found lxml version %s" % ".".join(map(str,etree.LXML_VERSION))))
except ImportError as e:
print(
"lxml is not installed or couldn't be imported.")
if 'html5lib' in basic_parsers:
try:
import html5lib
print(("Found html5lib version %s" % html5lib.__version__))
except ImportError as e:
print(
"html5lib is not installed or couldn't be imported.")
if hasattr(data, 'read'):
data = data.read()
for parser in basic_parsers:
print(("Trying to parse your markup with %s" % parser))
success = False
try:
soup = BeautifulSoup(data, features=parser)
success = True
except Exception as e:
print(("%s could not parse the markup." % parser))
traceback.print_exc()
if success:
print(("Here's what %s did with the markup:" % parser))
print((soup.prettify()))
print(("-" * 80))
def lxml_trace(data, html=True, **kwargs):
"""Print out the lxml events that occur during parsing.
This lets you see how lxml parses a document when no Beautiful
Soup code is running. You can use this to determine whether
an lxml-specific problem is in Beautiful Soup's lxml tree builders
or in lxml itself.
:param data: Some markup.
:param html: If True, markup will be parsed with lxml's HTML parser.
if False, lxml's XML parser will be used.
"""
from lxml import etree
recover = kwargs.pop('recover', True)
if isinstance(data, str):
data = data.encode("utf8")
reader = BytesIO(data)
for event, element in etree.iterparse(
reader, html=html, recover=recover, **kwargs
):
print(("%s, %4s, %s" % (event, element.tag, element.text)))
class AnnouncingParser(HTMLParser):
"""Subclass of HTMLParser that announces parse events, without doing
anything else.
You can use this to get a picture of how html.parser sees a given
document. The easiest way to do this is to call `htmlparser_trace`.
"""
def _p(self, s):
print(s)
def handle_starttag(self, name, attrs):
self._p("%s START" % name)
def handle_endtag(self, name):
self._p("%s END" % name)
def handle_data(self, data):
self._p("%s DATA" % data)
def handle_charref(self, name):
self._p("%s CHARREF" % name)
def handle_entityref(self, name):
self._p("%s ENTITYREF" % name)
def handle_comment(self, data):
self._p("%s COMMENT" % data)
def handle_decl(self, data):
self._p("%s DECL" % data)
def unknown_decl(self, data):
self._p("%s UNKNOWN-DECL" % data)
def handle_pi(self, data):
self._p("%s PI" % data)
def htmlparser_trace(data):
"""Print out the HTMLParser events that occur during parsing.
This lets you see how HTMLParser parses a document when no
Beautiful Soup code is running.
:param data: Some markup.
"""
parser = AnnouncingParser()
parser.feed(data)
_vowels = "aeiou"
_consonants = "bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz"
def rword(length=5):
"Generate a random word-like string."
s = ''
for i in range(length):
if i % 2 == 0:
t = _consonants
else:
t = _vowels
s += random.choice(t)
return s
def rsentence(length=4):
"Generate a random sentence-like string."
return " ".join(rword(random.randint(4,9)) for i in range(length))
def rdoc(num_elements=1000):
"""Randomly generate an invalid HTML document."""
tag_names = ['p', 'div', 'span', 'i', 'b', 'script', 'table']
elements = []
for i in range(num_elements):
choice = random.randint(0,3)
if choice == 0:
# New tag.
tag_name = random.choice(tag_names)
elements.append("<%s>" % tag_name)
elif choice == 1:
elements.append(rsentence(random.randint(1,4)))
elif choice == 2:
# Close a tag.
tag_name = random.choice(tag_names)
elements.append("</%s>" % tag_name)
return "<html>" + "\n".join(elements) + "</html>"
def benchmark_parsers(num_elements=100000):
"""Very basic head-to-head performance benchmark."""
print(("Comparative parser benchmark on Beautiful Soup %s" % __version__))
data = rdoc(num_elements)
print(("Generated a large invalid HTML document (%d bytes)." % len(data)))
for parser in ["lxml", ["lxml", "html"], "html5lib", "html.parser"]:
success = False
try:
a = time.time()
soup = BeautifulSoup(data, parser)
b = time.time()
success = True
except Exception as e:
print(("%s could not parse the markup." % parser))
traceback.print_exc()
if success:
print(("BS4+%s parsed the markup in %.2fs." % (parser, b-a)))
from lxml import etree
a = time.time()
etree.HTML(data)
b = time.time()
print(("Raw lxml parsed the markup in %.2fs." % (b-a)))
import html5lib
parser = html5lib.HTMLParser()
a = time.time()
parser.parse(data)
b = time.time()
print(("Raw html5lib parsed the markup in %.2fs." % (b-a)))
def profile(num_elements=100000, parser="lxml"):
"""Use Python's profiler on a randomly generated document."""
filehandle = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
filename = filehandle.name
data = rdoc(num_elements)
vars = dict(bs4=bs4, data=data, parser=parser)
cProfile.runctx('bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, parser)' , vars, vars, filename)
stats = pstats.Stats(filename)
# stats.strip_dirs()
stats.sort_stats("cumulative")
stats.print_stats('_html5lib|bs4', 50)
# If this file is run as a script, standard input is diagnosed.
if __name__ == '__main__':
diagnose(sys.stdin.read())
PK `ZZZO�{�j �j bs4/element.py# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license.
__license__ = "MIT"
try:
from collections.abc import Callable # Python 3.6
except ImportError as e:
from collections import Callable
import re
import sys
import warnings
from bs4.css import CSS
from bs4.formatter import (
Formatter,
HTMLFormatter,
XMLFormatter,
)
DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING = "utf-8"
nonwhitespace_re = re.compile(r"\S+")
# NOTE: This isn't used as of 4.7.0. I'm leaving it for a little bit on
# the off chance someone imported it for their own use.
whitespace_re = re.compile(r"\s+")
def _alias(attr):
"""Alias one attribute name to another for backward compatibility"""
@property
def alias(self):
return getattr(self, attr)
@alias.setter
def alias(self):
return setattr(self, attr)
return alias
# These encodings are recognized by Python (so PageElement.encode
# could theoretically support them) but XML and HTML don't recognize
# them (so they should not show up in an XML or HTML document as that
# document's encoding).
#
# If an XML document is encoded in one of these encodings, no encoding
# will be mentioned in the XML declaration. If an HTML document is
# encoded in one of these encodings, and the HTML document has a
# <meta> tag that mentions an encoding, the encoding will be given as
# the empty string.
#
# Source:
# https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#python-specific-encodings
PYTHON_SPECIFIC_ENCODINGS = set([
"idna",
"mbcs",
"oem",
"palmos",
"punycode",
"raw_unicode_escape",
"undefined",
"unicode_escape",
"raw-unicode-escape",
"unicode-escape",
"string-escape",
"string_escape",
])
class NamespacedAttribute(str):
"""A namespaced string (e.g. 'xml:lang') that remembers the namespace
('xml') and the name ('lang') that were used to create it.
"""
def __new__(cls, prefix, name=None, namespace=None):
if not name:
# This is the default namespace. Its name "has no value"
# per https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-names/#defaulting
name = None
if not name:
obj = str.__new__(cls, prefix)
elif not prefix:
# Not really namespaced.
obj = str.__new__(cls, name)
else:
obj = str.__new__(cls, prefix + ":" + name)
obj.prefix = prefix
obj.name = name
obj.namespace = namespace
return obj
class AttributeValueWithCharsetSubstitution(str):
"""A stand-in object for a character encoding specified in HTML."""
class CharsetMetaAttributeValue(AttributeValueWithCharsetSubstitution):
"""A generic stand-in for the value of a meta tag's 'charset' attribute.
When Beautiful Soup parses the markup '<meta charset="utf8">', the
value of the 'charset' attribute will be one of these objects.
"""
def __new__(cls, original_value):
obj = str.__new__(cls, original_value)
obj.original_value = original_value
return obj
def encode(self, encoding):
"""When an HTML document is being encoded to a given encoding, the
value of a meta tag's 'charset' is the name of the encoding.
"""
if encoding in PYTHON_SPECIFIC_ENCODINGS:
return ''
return encoding
class ContentMetaAttributeValue(AttributeValueWithCharsetSubstitution):
"""A generic stand-in for the value of a meta tag's 'content' attribute.
When Beautiful Soup parses the markup:
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf8">
The value of the 'content' attribute will be one of these objects.
"""
CHARSET_RE = re.compile(r"((^|;)\s*charset=)([^;]*)", re.M)
def __new__(cls, original_value):
match = cls.CHARSET_RE.search(original_value)
if match is None:
# No substitution necessary.
return str.__new__(str, original_value)
obj = str.__new__(cls, original_value)
obj.original_value = original_value
return obj
def encode(self, encoding):
if encoding in PYTHON_SPECIFIC_ENCODINGS:
return ''
def rewrite(match):
return match.group(1) + encoding
return self.CHARSET_RE.sub(rewrite, self.original_value)
class PageElement(object):
"""Contains the navigational information for some part of the page:
that is, its current location in the parse tree.
NavigableString, Tag, etc. are all subclasses of PageElement.
"""
# In general, we can't tell just by looking at an element whether
# it's contained in an XML document or an HTML document. But for
# Tags (q.v.) we can store this information at parse time.
known_xml = None
def setup(self, parent=None, previous_element=None, next_element=None,
previous_sibling=None, next_sibling=None):
"""Sets up the initial relations between this element and
other elements.
:param parent: The parent of this element.
:param previous_element: The element parsed immediately before
this one.
:param next_element: The element parsed immediately before
this one.
:param previous_sibling: The most recently encountered element
on the same level of the parse tree as this one.
:param previous_sibling: The next element to be encountered
on the same level of the parse tree as this one.
"""
self.parent = parent
self.previous_element = previous_element
if previous_element is not None:
self.previous_element.next_element = self
self.next_element = next_element
if self.next_element is not None:
self.next_element.previous_element = self
self.next_sibling = next_sibling
if self.next_sibling is not None:
self.next_sibling.previous_sibling = self
if (previous_sibling is None
and self.parent is not None and self.parent.contents):
previous_sibling = self.parent.contents[-1]
self.previous_sibling = previous_sibling
if previous_sibling is not None:
self.previous_sibling.next_sibling = self
def format_string(self, s, formatter):
"""Format the given string using the given formatter.
:param s: A string.
:param formatter: A Formatter object, or a string naming one of the standard formatters.
"""
if formatter is None:
return s
if not isinstance(formatter, Formatter):
formatter = self.formatter_for_name(formatter)
output = formatter.substitute(s)
return output
def formatter_for_name(self, formatter):
"""Look up or create a Formatter for the given identifier,
if necessary.
:param formatter: Can be a Formatter object (used as-is), a
function (used as the entity substitution hook for an
XMLFormatter or HTMLFormatter), or a string (used to look
up an XMLFormatter or HTMLFormatter in the appropriate
registry.
"""
if isinstance(formatter, Formatter):
return formatter
if self._is_xml:
c = XMLFormatter
else:
c = HTMLFormatter
if isinstance(formatter, Callable):
return c(entity_substitution=formatter)
return c.REGISTRY[formatter]
@property
def _is_xml(self):
"""Is this element part of an XML tree or an HTML tree?
This is used in formatter_for_name, when deciding whether an
XMLFormatter or HTMLFormatter is more appropriate. It can be
inefficient, but it should be called very rarely.
"""
if self.known_xml is not None:
# Most of the time we will have determined this when the
# document is parsed.
return self.known_xml
# Otherwise, it's likely that this element was created by
# direct invocation of the constructor from within the user's
# Python code.
if self.parent is None:
# This is the top-level object. It should have .known_xml set
# from tree creation. If not, take a guess--BS is usually
# used on HTML markup.
return getattr(self, 'is_xml', False)
return self.parent._is_xml
nextSibling = _alias("next_sibling") # BS3
previousSibling = _alias("previous_sibling") # BS3
default = object()
def _all_strings(self, strip=False, types=default):
"""Yield all strings of certain classes, possibly stripping them.
This is implemented differently in Tag and NavigableString.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
@property
def stripped_strings(self):
"""Yield all strings in this PageElement, stripping them first.
:yield: A sequence of stripped strings.
"""
for string in self._all_strings(True):
yield string
def get_text(self, separator="", strip=False,
types=default):
"""Get all child strings of this PageElement, concatenated using the
given separator.
:param separator: Strings will be concatenated using this separator.
:param strip: If True, strings will be stripped before being
concatenated.
:param types: A tuple of NavigableString subclasses. Any
strings of a subclass not found in this list will be
ignored. Although there are exceptions, the default
behavior in most cases is to consider only NavigableString
and CData objects. That means no comments, processing
instructions, etc.
:return: A string.
"""
return separator.join([s for s in self._all_strings(
strip, types=types)])
getText = get_text
text = property(get_text)
def replace_with(self, *args):
"""Replace this PageElement with one or more PageElements, keeping the
rest of the tree the same.
:param args: One or more PageElements.
:return: `self`, no longer part of the tree.
"""
if self.parent is None:
raise ValueError(
"Cannot replace one element with another when the "
"element to be replaced is not part of a tree.")
if len(args) == 1 and args[0] is self:
return
if any(x is self.parent for x in args):
raise ValueError("Cannot replace a Tag with its parent.")
old_parent = self.parent
my_index = self.parent.index(self)
self.extract(_self_index=my_index)
for idx, replace_with in enumerate(args, start=my_index):
old_parent.insert(idx, replace_with)
return self
replaceWith = replace_with # BS3
def unwrap(self):
"""Replace this PageElement with its contents.
:return: `self`, no longer part of the tree.
"""
my_parent = self.parent
if self.parent is None:
raise ValueError(
"Cannot replace an element with its contents when that"
"element is not part of a tree.")
my_index = self.parent.index(self)
self.extract(_self_index=my_index)
for child in reversed(self.contents[:]):
my_parent.insert(my_index, child)
return self
replace_with_children = unwrap
replaceWithChildren = unwrap # BS3
def wrap(self, wrap_inside):
"""Wrap this PageElement inside another one.
:param wrap_inside: A PageElement.
:return: `wrap_inside`, occupying the position in the tree that used
to be occupied by `self`, and with `self` inside it.
"""
me = self.replace_with(wrap_inside)
wrap_inside.append(me)
return wrap_inside
def extract(self, _self_index=None):
"""Destructively rips this element out of the tree.
:param _self_index: The location of this element in its parent's
.contents, if known. Passing this in allows for a performance
optimization.
:return: `self`, no longer part of the tree.
"""
if self.parent is not None:
if _self_index is None:
_self_index = self.parent.index(self)
del self.parent.contents[_self_index]
#Find the two elements that would be next to each other if
#this element (and any children) hadn't been parsed. Connect
#the two.
last_child = self._last_descendant()
next_element = last_child.next_element
if (self.previous_element is not None and
self.previous_element is not next_element):
self.previous_element.next_element = next_element
if next_element is not None and next_element is not self.previous_element:
next_element.previous_element = self.previous_element
self.previous_element = None
last_child.next_element = None
self.parent = None
if (self.previous_sibling is not None
and self.previous_sibling is not self.next_sibling):
self.previous_sibling.next_sibling = self.next_sibling
if (self.next_sibling is not None
and self.next_sibling is not self.previous_sibling):
self.next_sibling.previous_sibling = self.previous_sibling
self.previous_sibling = self.next_sibling = None
return self
def _last_descendant(self, is_initialized=True, accept_self=True):
"""Finds the last element beneath this object to be parsed.
:param is_initialized: Has `setup` been called on this PageElement
yet?
:param accept_self: Is `self` an acceptable answer to the question?
"""
if is_initialized and self.next_sibling is not None:
last_child = self.next_sibling.previous_element
else:
last_child = self
while isinstance(last_child, Tag) and last_child.contents:
last_child = last_child.contents[-1]
if not accept_self and last_child is self:
last_child = None
return last_child
# BS3: Not part of the API!
_lastRecursiveChild = _last_descendant
def insert(self, position, new_child):
"""Insert a new PageElement in the list of this PageElement's children.
This works the same way as `list.insert`.
:param position: The numeric position that should be occupied
in `self.children` by the new PageElement.
:param new_child: A PageElement.
"""
if new_child is None:
raise ValueError("Cannot insert None into a tag.")
if new_child is self:
raise ValueError("Cannot insert a tag into itself.")
if (isinstance(new_child, str)
and not isinstance(new_child, NavigableString)):
new_child = NavigableString(new_child)
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
if isinstance(new_child, BeautifulSoup):
# We don't want to end up with a situation where one BeautifulSoup
# object contains another. Insert the children one at a time.
for subchild in list(new_child.contents):
self.insert(position, subchild)
position += 1
return
position = min(position, len(self.contents))
if hasattr(new_child, 'parent') and new_child.parent is not None:
# We're 'inserting' an element that's already one
# of this object's children.
if new_child.parent is self:
current_index = self.index(new_child)
if current_index < position:
# We're moving this element further down the list
# of this object's children. That means that when
# we extract this element, our target index will
# jump down one.
position -= 1
new_child.extract()
new_child.parent = self
previous_child = None
if position == 0:
new_child.previous_sibling = None
new_child.previous_element = self
else:
previous_child = self.contents[position - 1]
new_child.previous_sibling = previous_child
new_child.previous_sibling.next_sibling = new_child
new_child.previous_element = previous_child._last_descendant(False)
if new_child.previous_element is not None:
new_child.previous_element.next_element = new_child
new_childs_last_element = new_child._last_descendant(False)
if position >= len(self.contents):
new_child.next_sibling = None
parent = self
parents_next_sibling = None
while parents_next_sibling is None and parent is not None:
parents_next_sibling = parent.next_sibling
parent = parent.parent
if parents_next_sibling is not None:
# We found the element that comes next in the document.
break
if parents_next_sibling is not None:
new_childs_last_element.next_element = parents_next_sibling
else:
# The last element of this tag is the last element in
# the document.
new_childs_last_element.next_element = None
else:
next_child = self.contents[position]
new_child.next_sibling = next_child
if new_child.next_sibling is not None:
new_child.next_sibling.previous_sibling = new_child
new_childs_last_element.next_element = next_child
if new_childs_last_element.next_element is not None:
new_childs_last_element.next_element.previous_element = new_childs_last_element
self.contents.insert(position, new_child)
def append(self, tag):
"""Appends the given PageElement to the contents of this one.
:param tag: A PageElement.
"""
self.insert(len(self.contents), tag)
def extend(self, tags):
"""Appends the given PageElements to this one's contents.
:param tags: A list of PageElements. If a single Tag is
provided instead, this PageElement's contents will be extended
with that Tag's contents.
"""
if isinstance(tags, Tag):
tags = tags.contents
if isinstance(tags, list):
# Moving items around the tree may change their position in
# the original list. Make a list that won't change.
tags = list(tags)
for tag in tags:
self.append(tag)
def insert_before(self, *args):
"""Makes the given element(s) the immediate predecessor of this one.
All the elements will have the same parent, and the given elements
will be immediately before this one.
:param args: One or more PageElements.
"""
parent = self.parent
if parent is None:
raise ValueError(
"Element has no parent, so 'before' has no meaning.")
if any(x is self for x in args):
raise ValueError("Can't insert an element before itself.")
for predecessor in args:
# Extract first so that the index won't be screwed up if they
# are siblings.
if isinstance(predecessor, PageElement):
predecessor.extract()
index = parent.index(self)
parent.insert(index, predecessor)
def insert_after(self, *args):
"""Makes the given element(s) the immediate successor of this one.
The elements will have the same parent, and the given elements
will be immediately after this one.
:param args: One or more PageElements.
"""
# Do all error checking before modifying the tree.
parent = self.parent
if parent is None:
raise ValueError(
"Element has no parent, so 'after' has no meaning.")
if any(x is self for x in args):
raise ValueError("Can't insert an element after itself.")
offset = 0
for successor in args:
# Extract first so that the index won't be screwed up if they
# are siblings.
if isinstance(successor, PageElement):
successor.extract()
index = parent.index(self)
parent.insert(index+1+offset, successor)
offset += 1
def find_next(self, name=None, attrs={}, string=None, **kwargs):
"""Find the first PageElement that matches the given criteria and
appears later in the document than this PageElement.
All find_* methods take a common set of arguments. See the online
documentation for detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:param string: A filter for a NavigableString with specific text.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:return: A PageElement.
:rtype: bs4.element.Tag | bs4.element.NavigableString
"""
return self._find_one(self.find_all_next, name, attrs, string, **kwargs)
findNext = find_next # BS3
def find_all_next(self, name=None, attrs={}, string=None, limit=None,
**kwargs):
"""Find all PageElements that match the given criteria and appear
later in the document than this PageElement.
All find_* methods take a common set of arguments. See the online
documentation for detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:param string: A filter for a NavigableString with specific text.
:param limit: Stop looking after finding this many results.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:return: A ResultSet containing PageElements.
"""
_stacklevel = kwargs.pop('_stacklevel', 2)
return self._find_all(name, attrs, string, limit, self.next_elements,
_stacklevel=_stacklevel+1, **kwargs)
findAllNext = find_all_next # BS3
def find_next_sibling(self, name=None, attrs={}, string=None, **kwargs):
"""Find the closest sibling to this PageElement that matches the
given criteria and appears later in the document.
All find_* methods take a common set of arguments. See the
online documentation for detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:param string: A filter for a NavigableString with specific text.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:return: A PageElement.
:rtype: bs4.element.Tag | bs4.element.NavigableString
"""
return self._find_one(self.find_next_siblings, name, attrs, string,
**kwargs)
findNextSibling = find_next_sibling # BS3
def find_next_siblings(self, name=None, attrs={}, string=None, limit=None,
**kwargs):
"""Find all siblings of this PageElement that match the given criteria
and appear later in the document.
All find_* methods take a common set of arguments. See the online
documentation for detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:param string: A filter for a NavigableString with specific text.
:param limit: Stop looking after finding this many results.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:return: A ResultSet of PageElements.
:rtype: bs4.element.ResultSet
"""
_stacklevel = kwargs.pop('_stacklevel', 2)
return self._find_all(
name, attrs, string, limit,
self.next_siblings, _stacklevel=_stacklevel+1, **kwargs
)
findNextSiblings = find_next_siblings # BS3
fetchNextSiblings = find_next_siblings # BS2
def find_previous(self, name=None, attrs={}, string=None, **kwargs):
"""Look backwards in the document from this PageElement and find the
first PageElement that matches the given criteria.
All find_* methods take a common set of arguments. See the online
documentation for detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:param string: A filter for a NavigableString with specific text.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:return: A PageElement.
:rtype: bs4.element.Tag | bs4.element.NavigableString
"""
return self._find_one(
self.find_all_previous, name, attrs, string, **kwargs)
findPrevious = find_previous # BS3
def find_all_previous(self, name=None, attrs={}, string=None, limit=None,
**kwargs):
"""Look backwards in the document from this PageElement and find all
PageElements that match the given criteria.
All find_* methods take a common set of arguments. See the online
documentation for detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:param string: A filter for a NavigableString with specific text.
:param limit: Stop looking after finding this many results.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:return: A ResultSet of PageElements.
:rtype: bs4.element.ResultSet
"""
_stacklevel = kwargs.pop('_stacklevel', 2)
return self._find_all(
name, attrs, string, limit, self.previous_elements,
_stacklevel=_stacklevel+1, **kwargs
)
findAllPrevious = find_all_previous # BS3
fetchPrevious = find_all_previous # BS2
def find_previous_sibling(self, name=None, attrs={}, string=None, **kwargs):
"""Returns the closest sibling to this PageElement that matches the
given criteria and appears earlier in the document.
All find_* methods take a common set of arguments. See the online
documentation for detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:param string: A filter for a NavigableString with specific text.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:return: A PageElement.
:rtype: bs4.element.Tag | bs4.element.NavigableString
"""
return self._find_one(self.find_previous_siblings, name, attrs, string,
**kwargs)
findPreviousSibling = find_previous_sibling # BS3
def find_previous_siblings(self, name=None, attrs={}, string=None,
limit=None, **kwargs):
"""Returns all siblings to this PageElement that match the
given criteria and appear earlier in the document.
All find_* methods take a common set of arguments. See the online
documentation for detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:param string: A filter for a NavigableString with specific text.
:param limit: Stop looking after finding this many results.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:return: A ResultSet of PageElements.
:rtype: bs4.element.ResultSet
"""
_stacklevel = kwargs.pop('_stacklevel', 2)
return self._find_all(
name, attrs, string, limit,
self.previous_siblings, _stacklevel=_stacklevel+1, **kwargs
)
findPreviousSiblings = find_previous_siblings # BS3
fetchPreviousSiblings = find_previous_siblings # BS2
def find_parent(self, name=None, attrs={}, **kwargs):
"""Find the closest parent of this PageElement that matches the given
criteria.
All find_* methods take a common set of arguments. See the online
documentation for detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:return: A PageElement.
:rtype: bs4.element.Tag | bs4.element.NavigableString
"""
# NOTE: We can't use _find_one because findParents takes a different
# set of arguments.
r = None
l = self.find_parents(name, attrs, 1, _stacklevel=3, **kwargs)
if l:
r = l[0]
return r
findParent = find_parent # BS3
def find_parents(self, name=None, attrs={}, limit=None, **kwargs):
"""Find all parents of this PageElement that match the given criteria.
All find_* methods take a common set of arguments. See the online
documentation for detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:param limit: Stop looking after finding this many results.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:return: A PageElement.
:rtype: bs4.element.Tag | bs4.element.NavigableString
"""
_stacklevel = kwargs.pop('_stacklevel', 2)
return self._find_all(name, attrs, None, limit, self.parents,
_stacklevel=_stacklevel+1, **kwargs)
findParents = find_parents # BS3
fetchParents = find_parents # BS2
@property
def next(self):
"""The PageElement, if any, that was parsed just after this one.
:return: A PageElement.
:rtype: bs4.element.Tag | bs4.element.NavigableString
"""
return self.next_element
@property
def previous(self):
"""The PageElement, if any, that was parsed just before this one.
:return: A PageElement.
:rtype: bs4.element.Tag | bs4.element.NavigableString
"""
return self.previous_element
#These methods do the real heavy lifting.
def _find_one(self, method, name, attrs, string, **kwargs):
r = None
l = method(name, attrs, string, 1, _stacklevel=4, **kwargs)
if l:
r = l[0]
return r
def _find_all(self, name, attrs, string, limit, generator, **kwargs):
"Iterates over a generator looking for things that match."
_stacklevel = kwargs.pop('_stacklevel', 3)
if string is None and 'text' in kwargs:
string = kwargs.pop('text')
warnings.warn(
"The 'text' argument to find()-type methods is deprecated. Use 'string' instead.",
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=_stacklevel
)
if isinstance(name, SoupStrainer):
strainer = name
else:
strainer = SoupStrainer(name, attrs, string, **kwargs)
if string is None and not limit and not attrs and not kwargs:
if name is True or name is None:
# Optimization to find all tags.
result = (element for element in generator
if isinstance(element, Tag))
return ResultSet(strainer, result)
elif isinstance(name, str):
# Optimization to find all tags with a given name.
if name.count(':') == 1:
# This is a name with a prefix. If this is a namespace-aware document,
# we need to match the local name against tag.name. If not,
# we need to match the fully-qualified name against tag.name.
prefix, local_name = name.split(':', 1)
else:
prefix = None
local_name = name
result = (element for element in generator
if isinstance(element, Tag)
and (
element.name == name
) or (
element.name == local_name
and (prefix is None or element.prefix == prefix)
)
)
return ResultSet(strainer, result)
results = ResultSet(strainer)
while True:
try:
i = next(generator)
except StopIteration:
break
if i:
found = strainer.search(i)
if found:
results.append(found)
if limit and len(results) >= limit:
break
return results
#These generators can be used to navigate starting from both
#NavigableStrings and Tags.
@property
def next_elements(self):
"""All PageElements that were parsed after this one.
:yield: A sequence of PageElements.
"""
i = self.next_element
while i is not None:
yield i
i = i.next_element
@property
def next_siblings(self):
"""All PageElements that are siblings of this one but were parsed
later.
:yield: A sequence of PageElements.
"""
i = self.next_sibling
while i is not None:
yield i
i = i.next_sibling
@property
def previous_elements(self):
"""All PageElements that were parsed before this one.
:yield: A sequence of PageElements.
"""
i = self.previous_element
while i is not None:
yield i
i = i.previous_element
@property
def previous_siblings(self):
"""All PageElements that are siblings of this one but were parsed
earlier.
:yield: A sequence of PageElements.
"""
i = self.previous_sibling
while i is not None:
yield i
i = i.previous_sibling
@property
def parents(self):
"""All PageElements that are parents of this PageElement.
:yield: A sequence of PageElements.
"""
i = self.parent
while i is not None:
yield i
i = i.parent
@property
def decomposed(self):
"""Check whether a PageElement has been decomposed.
:rtype: bool
"""
return getattr(self, '_decomposed', False) or False
# Old non-property versions of the generators, for backwards
# compatibility with BS3.
def nextGenerator(self):
return self.next_elements
def nextSiblingGenerator(self):
return self.next_siblings
def previousGenerator(self):
return self.previous_elements
def previousSiblingGenerator(self):
return self.previous_siblings
def parentGenerator(self):
return self.parents
class NavigableString(str, PageElement):
"""A Python Unicode string that is part of a parse tree.
When Beautiful Soup parses the markup <b>penguin</b>, it will
create a NavigableString for the string "penguin".
"""
PREFIX = ''
SUFFIX = ''
def __new__(cls, value):
"""Create a new NavigableString.
When unpickling a NavigableString, this method is called with
the string in DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING. That encoding needs to be
passed in to the superclass's __new__ or the superclass won't know
how to handle non-ASCII characters.
"""
if isinstance(value, str):
u = str.__new__(cls, value)
else:
u = str.__new__(cls, value, DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING)
u.setup()
return u
def __deepcopy__(self, memo, recursive=False):
"""A copy of a NavigableString has the same contents and class
as the original, but it is not connected to the parse tree.
:param recursive: This parameter is ignored; it's only defined
so that NavigableString.__deepcopy__ implements the same
signature as Tag.__deepcopy__.
"""
return type(self)(self)
def __copy__(self):
"""A copy of a NavigableString can only be a deep copy, because
only one PageElement can occupy a given place in a parse tree.
"""
return self.__deepcopy__({})
def __getnewargs__(self):
return (str(self),)
def __getattr__(self, attr):
"""text.string gives you text. This is for backwards
compatibility for Navigable*String, but for CData* it lets you
get the string without the CData wrapper."""
if attr == 'string':
return self
else:
raise AttributeError(
"'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % (
self.__class__.__name__, attr))
def output_ready(self, formatter="minimal"):
"""Run the string through the provided formatter.
:param formatter: A Formatter object, or a string naming one of the standard formatters.
"""
output = self.format_string(self, formatter)
return self.PREFIX + output + self.SUFFIX
@property
def name(self):
"""Since a NavigableString is not a Tag, it has no .name.
This property is implemented so that code like this doesn't crash
when run on a mixture of Tag and NavigableString objects:
[x.name for x in tag.children]
"""
return None
@name.setter
def name(self, name):
"""Prevent NavigableString.name from ever being set."""
raise AttributeError("A NavigableString cannot be given a name.")
def _all_strings(self, strip=False, types=PageElement.default):
"""Yield all strings of certain classes, possibly stripping them.
This makes it easy for NavigableString to implement methods
like get_text() as conveniences, creating a consistent
text-extraction API across all PageElements.
:param strip: If True, all strings will be stripped before being
yielded.
:param types: A tuple of NavigableString subclasses. If this
NavigableString isn't one of those subclasses, the
sequence will be empty. By default, the subclasses
considered are NavigableString and CData objects. That
means no comments, processing instructions, etc.
:yield: A sequence that either contains this string, or is empty.
"""
if types is self.default:
# This is kept in Tag because it's full of subclasses of
# this class, which aren't defined until later in the file.
types = Tag.DEFAULT_INTERESTING_STRING_TYPES
# Do nothing if the caller is looking for specific types of
# string, and we're of a different type.
#
# We check specific types instead of using isinstance(self,
# types) because all of these classes subclass
# NavigableString. Anyone who's using this feature probably
# wants generic NavigableStrings but not other stuff.
my_type = type(self)
if types is not None:
if isinstance(types, type):
# Looking for a single type.
if my_type is not types:
return
elif my_type not in types:
# Looking for one of a list of types.
return
value = self
if strip:
value = value.strip()
if len(value) > 0:
yield value
strings = property(_all_strings)
class PreformattedString(NavigableString):
"""A NavigableString not subject to the normal formatting rules.
This is an abstract class used for special kinds of strings such
as comments (the Comment class) and CDATA blocks (the CData
class).
"""
PREFIX = ''
SUFFIX = ''
def output_ready(self, formatter=None):
"""Make this string ready for output by adding any subclass-specific
prefix or suffix.
:param formatter: A Formatter object, or a string naming one
of the standard formatters. The string will be passed into the
Formatter, but only to trigger any side effects: the return
value is ignored.
:return: The string, with any subclass-specific prefix and
suffix added on.
"""
if formatter is not None:
ignore = self.format_string(self, formatter)
return self.PREFIX + self + self.SUFFIX
class CData(PreformattedString):
"""A CDATA block."""
PREFIX = '<![CDATA['
SUFFIX = ']]>'
class ProcessingInstruction(PreformattedString):
"""A SGML processing instruction."""
PREFIX = '<?'
SUFFIX = '>'
class XMLProcessingInstruction(ProcessingInstruction):
"""An XML processing instruction."""
PREFIX = '<?'
SUFFIX = '?>'
class Comment(PreformattedString):
"""An HTML or XML comment."""
PREFIX = '<!--'
SUFFIX = '-->'
class Declaration(PreformattedString):
"""An XML declaration."""
PREFIX = '<?'
SUFFIX = '?>'
class Doctype(PreformattedString):
"""A document type declaration."""
@classmethod
def for_name_and_ids(cls, name, pub_id, system_id):
"""Generate an appropriate document type declaration for a given
public ID and system ID.
:param name: The name of the document's root element, e.g. 'html'.
:param pub_id: The Formal Public Identifier for this document type,
e.g. '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN'
:param system_id: The system identifier for this document type,
e.g. 'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd'
:return: A Doctype.
"""
value = name or ''
if pub_id is not None:
value += ' PUBLIC "%s"' % pub_id
if system_id is not None:
value += ' "%s"' % system_id
elif system_id is not None:
value += ' SYSTEM "%s"' % system_id
return Doctype(value)
PREFIX = '<!DOCTYPE '
SUFFIX = '>\n'
class Stylesheet(NavigableString):
"""A NavigableString representing an stylesheet (probably
CSS).
Used to distinguish embedded stylesheets from textual content.
"""
pass
class Script(NavigableString):
"""A NavigableString representing an executable script (probably
Javascript).
Used to distinguish executable code from textual content.
"""
pass
class TemplateString(NavigableString):
"""A NavigableString representing a string found inside an HTML
template embedded in a larger document.
Used to distinguish such strings from the main body of the document.
"""
pass
class RubyTextString(NavigableString):
"""A NavigableString representing the contents of the <rt> HTML
element.
https://dev.w3.org/html5/spec-LC/text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element
Can be used to distinguish such strings from the strings they're
annotating.
"""
pass
class RubyParenthesisString(NavigableString):
"""A NavigableString representing the contents of the <rp> HTML
element.
https://dev.w3.org/html5/spec-LC/text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element
"""
pass
class Tag(PageElement):
"""Represents an HTML or XML tag that is part of a parse tree, along
with its attributes and contents.
When Beautiful Soup parses the markup <b>penguin</b>, it will
create a Tag object representing the <b> tag.
"""
def __init__(self, parser=None, builder=None, name=None, namespace=None,
prefix=None, attrs=None, parent=None, previous=None,
is_xml=None, sourceline=None, sourcepos=None,
can_be_empty_element=None, cdata_list_attributes=None,
preserve_whitespace_tags=None,
interesting_string_types=None,
namespaces=None
):
"""Basic constructor.
:param parser: A BeautifulSoup object.
:param builder: A TreeBuilder.
:param name: The name of the tag.
:param namespace: The URI of this Tag's XML namespace, if any.
:param prefix: The prefix for this Tag's XML namespace, if any.
:param attrs: A dictionary of this Tag's attribute values.
:param parent: The PageElement to use as this Tag's parent.
:param previous: The PageElement that was parsed immediately before
this tag.
:param is_xml: If True, this is an XML tag. Otherwise, this is an
HTML tag.
:param sourceline: The line number where this tag was found in its
source document.
:param sourcepos: The character position within `sourceline` where this
tag was found.
:param can_be_empty_element: If True, this tag should be
represented as <tag/>. If False, this tag should be represented
as <tag></tag>.
:param cdata_list_attributes: A list of attributes whose values should
be treated as CDATA if they ever show up on this tag.
:param preserve_whitespace_tags: A list of tag names whose contents
should have their whitespace preserved.
:param interesting_string_types: This is a NavigableString
subclass or a tuple of them. When iterating over this
Tag's strings in methods like Tag.strings or Tag.get_text,
these are the types of strings that are interesting enough
to be considered. The default is to consider
NavigableString and CData the only interesting string
subtypes.
:param namespaces: A dictionary mapping currently active
namespace prefixes to URIs. This can be used later to
construct CSS selectors.
"""
if parser is None:
self.parser_class = None
else:
# We don't actually store the parser object: that lets extracted
# chunks be garbage-collected.
self.parser_class = parser.__class__
if name is None:
raise ValueError("No value provided for new tag's name.")
self.name = name
self.namespace = namespace
self._namespaces = namespaces or {}
self.prefix = prefix
if ((not builder or builder.store_line_numbers)
and (sourceline is not None or sourcepos is not None)):
self.sourceline = sourceline
self.sourcepos = sourcepos
if attrs is None:
attrs = {}
elif attrs:
if builder is not None and builder.cdata_list_attributes:
attrs = builder._replace_cdata_list_attribute_values(
self.name, attrs)
else:
attrs = dict(attrs)
else:
attrs = dict(attrs)
# If possible, determine ahead of time whether this tag is an
# XML tag.
if builder:
self.known_xml = builder.is_xml
else:
self.known_xml = is_xml
self.attrs = attrs
self.contents = []
self.setup(parent, previous)
self.hidden = False
if builder is None:
# In the absence of a TreeBuilder, use whatever values were
# passed in here. They're probably None, unless this is a copy of some
# other tag.
self.can_be_empty_element = can_be_empty_element
self.cdata_list_attributes = cdata_list_attributes
self.preserve_whitespace_tags = preserve_whitespace_tags
self.interesting_string_types = interesting_string_types
else:
# Set up any substitutions for this tag, such as the charset in a META tag.
builder.set_up_substitutions(self)
# Ask the TreeBuilder whether this tag might be an empty-element tag.
self.can_be_empty_element = builder.can_be_empty_element(name)
# Keep track of the list of attributes of this tag that
# might need to be treated as a list.
#
# For performance reasons, we store the whole data structure
# rather than asking the question of every tag. Asking would
# require building a new data structure every time, and
# (unlike can_be_empty_element), we almost never need
# to check this.
self.cdata_list_attributes = builder.cdata_list_attributes
# Keep track of the names that might cause this tag to be treated as a
# whitespace-preserved tag.
self.preserve_whitespace_tags = builder.preserve_whitespace_tags
if self.name in builder.string_containers:
# This sort of tag uses a special string container
# subclass for most of its strings. When we ask the
self.interesting_string_types = builder.string_containers[self.name]
else:
self.interesting_string_types = self.DEFAULT_INTERESTING_STRING_TYPES
parserClass = _alias("parser_class") # BS3
def __deepcopy__(self, memo, recursive=True):
"""A deepcopy of a Tag is a new Tag, unconnected to the parse tree.
Its contents are a copy of the old Tag's contents.
"""
clone = self._clone()
if recursive:
# Clone this tag's descendants recursively, but without
# making any recursive function calls.
tag_stack = [clone]
for event, element in self._event_stream(self.descendants):
if event is Tag.END_ELEMENT_EVENT:
# Stop appending incoming Tags to the Tag that was
# just closed.
tag_stack.pop()
else:
descendant_clone = element.__deepcopy__(
memo, recursive=False
)
# Add to its parent's .contents
tag_stack[-1].append(descendant_clone)
if event is Tag.START_ELEMENT_EVENT:
# Add the Tag itself to the stack so that its
# children will be .appended to it.
tag_stack.append(descendant_clone)
return clone
def __copy__(self):
"""A copy of a Tag must always be a deep copy, because a Tag's
children can only have one parent at a time.
"""
return self.__deepcopy__({})
def _clone(self):
"""Create a new Tag just like this one, but with no
contents and unattached to any parse tree.
This is the first step in the deepcopy process.
"""
clone = type(self)(
None, None, self.name, self.namespace,
self.prefix, self.attrs, is_xml=self._is_xml,
sourceline=self.sourceline, sourcepos=self.sourcepos,
can_be_empty_element=self.can_be_empty_element,
cdata_list_attributes=self.cdata_list_attributes,
preserve_whitespace_tags=self.preserve_whitespace_tags,
interesting_string_types=self.interesting_string_types
)
for attr in ('can_be_empty_element', 'hidden'):
setattr(clone, attr, getattr(self, attr))
return clone
@property
def is_empty_element(self):
"""Is this tag an empty-element tag? (aka a self-closing tag)
A tag that has contents is never an empty-element tag.
A tag that has no contents may or may not be an empty-element
tag. It depends on the builder used to create the tag. If the
builder has a designated list of empty-element tags, then only
a tag whose name shows up in that list is considered an
empty-element tag.
If the builder has no designated list of empty-element tags,
then any tag with no contents is an empty-element tag.
"""
return len(self.contents) == 0 and self.can_be_empty_element
isSelfClosing = is_empty_element # BS3
@property
def string(self):
"""Convenience property to get the single string within this
PageElement.
TODO It might make sense to have NavigableString.string return
itself.
:return: If this element has a single string child, return
value is that string. If this element has one child tag,
return value is the 'string' attribute of the child tag,
recursively. If this element is itself a string, has no
children, or has more than one child, return value is None.
"""
if len(self.contents) != 1:
return None
child = self.contents[0]
if isinstance(child, NavigableString):
return child
return child.string
@string.setter
def string(self, string):
"""Replace this PageElement's contents with `string`."""
self.clear()
self.append(string.__class__(string))
DEFAULT_INTERESTING_STRING_TYPES = (NavigableString, CData)
def _all_strings(self, strip=False, types=PageElement.default):
"""Yield all strings of certain classes, possibly stripping them.
:param strip: If True, all strings will be stripped before being
yielded.
:param types: A tuple of NavigableString subclasses. Any strings of
a subclass not found in this list will be ignored. By
default, the subclasses considered are the ones found in
self.interesting_string_types. If that's not specified,
only NavigableString and CData objects will be
considered. That means no comments, processing
instructions, etc.
:yield: A sequence of strings.
"""
if types is self.default:
types = self.interesting_string_types
for descendant in self.descendants:
if (types is None and not isinstance(descendant, NavigableString)):
continue
descendant_type = type(descendant)
if isinstance(types, type):
if descendant_type is not types:
# We're not interested in strings of this type.
continue
elif types is not None and descendant_type not in types:
# We're not interested in strings of this type.
continue
if strip:
descendant = descendant.strip()
if len(descendant) == 0:
continue
yield descendant
strings = property(_all_strings)
def decompose(self):
"""Recursively destroys this PageElement and its children.
This element will be removed from the tree and wiped out; so
will everything beneath it.
The behavior of a decomposed PageElement is undefined and you
should never use one for anything, but if you need to _check_
whether an element has been decomposed, you can use the
`decomposed` property.
"""
self.extract()
i = self
while i is not None:
n = i.next_element
i.__dict__.clear()
i.contents = []
i._decomposed = True
i = n
def clear(self, decompose=False):
"""Wipe out all children of this PageElement by calling extract()
on them.
:param decompose: If this is True, decompose() (a more
destructive method) will be called instead of extract().
"""
if decompose:
for element in self.contents[:]:
if isinstance(element, Tag):
element.decompose()
else:
element.extract()
else:
for element in self.contents[:]:
element.extract()
def smooth(self):
"""Smooth out this element's children by consolidating consecutive
strings.
This makes pretty-printed output look more natural following a
lot of operations that modified the tree.
"""
# Mark the first position of every pair of children that need
# to be consolidated. Do this rather than making a copy of
# self.contents, since in most cases very few strings will be
# affected.
marked = []
for i, a in enumerate(self.contents):
if isinstance(a, Tag):
# Recursively smooth children.
a.smooth()
if i == len(self.contents)-1:
# This is the last item in .contents, and it's not a
# tag. There's no chance it needs any work.
continue
b = self.contents[i+1]
if (isinstance(a, NavigableString)
and isinstance(b, NavigableString)
and not isinstance(a, PreformattedString)
and not isinstance(b, PreformattedString)
):
marked.append(i)
# Go over the marked positions in reverse order, so that
# removing items from .contents won't affect the remaining
# positions.
for i in reversed(marked):
a = self.contents[i]
b = self.contents[i+1]
b.extract()
n = NavigableString(a+b)
a.replace_with(n)
def index(self, element):
"""Find the index of a child by identity, not value.
Avoids issues with tag.contents.index(element) getting the
index of equal elements.
:param element: Look for this PageElement in `self.contents`.
"""
for i, child in enumerate(self.contents):
if child is element:
return i
raise ValueError("Tag.index: element not in tag")
def get(self, key, default=None):
"""Returns the value of the 'key' attribute for the tag, or
the value given for 'default' if it doesn't have that
attribute."""
return self.attrs.get(key, default)
def get_attribute_list(self, key, default=None):
"""The same as get(), but always returns a list.
:param key: The attribute to look for.
:param default: Use this value if the attribute is not present
on this PageElement.
:return: A list of values, probably containing only a single
value.
"""
value = self.get(key, default)
if not isinstance(value, list):
value = [value]
return value
def has_attr(self, key):
"""Does this PageElement have an attribute with the given name?"""
return key in self.attrs
def __hash__(self):
return str(self).__hash__()
def __getitem__(self, key):
"""tag[key] returns the value of the 'key' attribute for the Tag,
and throws an exception if it's not there."""
return self.attrs[key]
def __iter__(self):
"Iterating over a Tag iterates over its contents."
return iter(self.contents)
def __len__(self):
"The length of a Tag is the length of its list of contents."
return len(self.contents)
def __contains__(self, x):
return x in self.contents
def __bool__(self):
"A tag is non-None even if it has no contents."
return True
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
"""Setting tag[key] sets the value of the 'key' attribute for the
tag."""
self.attrs[key] = value
def __delitem__(self, key):
"Deleting tag[key] deletes all 'key' attributes for the tag."
self.attrs.pop(key, None)
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Calling a Tag like a function is the same as calling its
find_all() method. Eg. tag('a') returns a list of all the A tags
found within this tag."""
return self.find_all(*args, **kwargs)
def __getattr__(self, tag):
"""Calling tag.subtag is the same as calling tag.find(name="subtag")"""
#print("Getattr %s.%s" % (self.__class__, tag))
if len(tag) > 3 and tag.endswith('Tag'):
# BS3: soup.aTag -> "soup.find("a")
tag_name = tag[:-3]
warnings.warn(
'.%(name)sTag is deprecated, use .find("%(name)s") instead. If you really were looking for a tag called %(name)sTag, use .find("%(name)sTag")' % dict(
name=tag_name
),
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
)
return self.find(tag_name)
# We special case contents to avoid recursion.
elif not tag.startswith("__") and not tag == "contents":
return self.find(tag)
raise AttributeError(
"'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % (self.__class__, tag))
def __eq__(self, other):
"""Returns true iff this Tag has the same name, the same attributes,
and the same contents (recursively) as `other`."""
if self is other:
return True
if (not hasattr(other, 'name') or
not hasattr(other, 'attrs') or
not hasattr(other, 'contents') or
self.name != other.name or
self.attrs != other.attrs or
len(self) != len(other)):
return False
for i, my_child in enumerate(self.contents):
if my_child != other.contents[i]:
return False
return True
def __ne__(self, other):
"""Returns true iff this Tag is not identical to `other`,
as defined in __eq__."""
return not self == other
def __repr__(self, encoding="unicode-escape"):
"""Renders this PageElement as a string.
:param encoding: The encoding to use (Python 2 only).
TODO: This is now ignored and a warning should be issued
if a value is provided.
:return: A (Unicode) string.
"""
# "The return value must be a string object", i.e. Unicode
return self.decode()
def __unicode__(self):
"""Renders this PageElement as a Unicode string."""
return self.decode()
__str__ = __repr__ = __unicode__
def encode(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
indent_level=None, formatter="minimal",
errors="xmlcharrefreplace"):
"""Render a bytestring representation of this PageElement and its
contents.
:param encoding: The destination encoding.
:param indent_level: Each line of the rendering will be
indented this many levels. (The formatter decides what a
'level' means in terms of spaces or other characters
output.) Used internally in recursive calls while
pretty-printing.
:param formatter: A Formatter object, or a string naming one of
the standard formatters.
:param errors: An error handling strategy such as
'xmlcharrefreplace'. This value is passed along into
encode() and its value should be one of the constants
defined by Python.
:return: A bytestring.
"""
# Turn the data structure into Unicode, then encode the
# Unicode.
u = self.decode(indent_level, encoding, formatter)
return u.encode(encoding, errors)
def decode(self, indent_level=None,
eventual_encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
formatter="minimal",
iterator=None):
pieces = []
# First off, turn a non-Formatter `formatter` into a Formatter
# object. This will stop the lookup from happening over and
# over again.
if not isinstance(formatter, Formatter):
formatter = self.formatter_for_name(formatter)
if indent_level is True:
indent_level = 0
# The currently active tag that put us into string literal
# mode. Until this element is closed, children will be treated
# as string literals and not pretty-printed. String literal
# mode is turned on immediately after this tag begins, and
# turned off immediately before it's closed. This means there
# will be whitespace before and after the tag itself.
string_literal_tag = None
for event, element in self._event_stream(iterator):
if event in (Tag.START_ELEMENT_EVENT, Tag.EMPTY_ELEMENT_EVENT):
piece = element._format_tag(
eventual_encoding, formatter, opening=True
)
elif event is Tag.END_ELEMENT_EVENT:
piece = element._format_tag(
eventual_encoding, formatter, opening=False
)
if indent_level is not None:
indent_level -= 1
else:
piece = element.output_ready(formatter)
# Now we need to apply the 'prettiness' -- extra
# whitespace before and/or after this tag. This can get
# complicated because certain tags, like <pre> and
# <script>, can't be prettified, since adding whitespace would
# change the meaning of the content.
# The default behavior is to add whitespace before and
# after an element when string literal mode is off, and to
# leave things as they are when string literal mode is on.
if string_literal_tag:
indent_before = indent_after = False
else:
indent_before = indent_after = True
# The only time the behavior is more complex than that is
# when we encounter an opening or closing tag that might
# put us into or out of string literal mode.
if (event is Tag.START_ELEMENT_EVENT
and not string_literal_tag
and not element._should_pretty_print()):
# We are about to enter string literal mode. Add
# whitespace before this tag, but not after. We
# will stay in string literal mode until this tag
# is closed.
indent_before = True
indent_after = False
string_literal_tag = element
elif (event is Tag.END_ELEMENT_EVENT
and element is string_literal_tag):
# We are about to exit string literal mode by closing
# the tag that sent us into that mode. Add whitespace
# after this tag, but not before.
indent_before = False
indent_after = True
string_literal_tag = None
# Now we know whether to add whitespace before and/or
# after this element.
if indent_level is not None:
if (indent_before or indent_after):
if isinstance(element, NavigableString):
piece = piece.strip()
if piece:
piece = self._indent_string(
piece, indent_level, formatter,
indent_before, indent_after
)
if event == Tag.START_ELEMENT_EVENT:
indent_level += 1
pieces.append(piece)
return "".join(pieces)
# Names for the different events yielded by _event_stream
START_ELEMENT_EVENT = object()
END_ELEMENT_EVENT = object()
EMPTY_ELEMENT_EVENT = object()
STRING_ELEMENT_EVENT = object()
def _event_stream(self, iterator=None):
"""Yield a sequence of events that can be used to reconstruct the DOM
for this element.
This lets us recreate the nested structure of this element
(e.g. when formatting it as a string) without using recursive
method calls.
This is similar in concept to the SAX API, but it's a simpler
interface designed for internal use. The events are different
from SAX and the arguments associated with the events are Tags
and other Beautiful Soup objects.
:param iterator: An alternate iterator to use when traversing
the tree.
"""
tag_stack = []
iterator = iterator or self.self_and_descendants
for c in iterator:
# If the parent of the element we're about to yield is not
# the tag currently on the stack, it means that the tag on
# the stack closed before this element appeared.
while tag_stack and c.parent != tag_stack[-1]:
now_closed_tag = tag_stack.pop()
yield Tag.END_ELEMENT_EVENT, now_closed_tag
if isinstance(c, Tag):
if c.is_empty_element:
yield Tag.EMPTY_ELEMENT_EVENT, c
else:
yield Tag.START_ELEMENT_EVENT, c
tag_stack.append(c)
continue
else:
yield Tag.STRING_ELEMENT_EVENT, c
while tag_stack:
now_closed_tag = tag_stack.pop()
yield Tag.END_ELEMENT_EVENT, now_closed_tag
def _indent_string(self, s, indent_level, formatter,
indent_before, indent_after):
"""Add indentation whitespace before and/or after a string.
:param s: The string to amend with whitespace.
:param indent_level: The indentation level; affects how much
whitespace goes before the string.
:param indent_before: Whether or not to add whitespace
before the string.
:param indent_after: Whether or not to add whitespace
(a newline) after the string.
"""
space_before = ''
if indent_before and indent_level:
space_before = (formatter.indent * indent_level)
space_after = ''
if indent_after:
space_after = "\n"
return space_before + s + space_after
def _format_tag(self, eventual_encoding, formatter, opening):
if self.hidden:
# A hidden tag is invisible, although its contents
# are visible.
return ''
# A tag starts with the < character (see below).
# Then the / character, if this is a closing tag.
closing_slash = ''
if not opening:
closing_slash = '/'
# Then an optional namespace prefix.
prefix = ''
if self.prefix:
prefix = self.prefix + ":"
# Then a list of attribute values, if this is an opening tag.
attribute_string = ''
if opening:
attributes = formatter.attributes(self)
attrs = []
for key, val in attributes:
if val is None:
decoded = key
else:
if isinstance(val, list) or isinstance(val, tuple):
val = ' '.join(val)
elif not isinstance(val, str):
val = str(val)
elif (
isinstance(val, AttributeValueWithCharsetSubstitution)
and eventual_encoding is not None
):
val = val.encode(eventual_encoding)
text = formatter.attribute_value(val)
decoded = (
str(key) + '='
+ formatter.quoted_attribute_value(text))
attrs.append(decoded)
if attrs:
attribute_string = ' ' + ' '.join(attrs)
# Then an optional closing slash (for a void element in an
# XML document).
void_element_closing_slash = ''
if self.is_empty_element:
void_element_closing_slash = formatter.void_element_close_prefix or ''
# Put it all together.
return '<' + closing_slash + prefix + self.name + attribute_string + void_element_closing_slash + '>'
def _should_pretty_print(self, indent_level=1):
"""Should this tag be pretty-printed?
Most of them should, but some (such as <pre> in HTML
documents) should not.
"""
return (
indent_level is not None
and (
not self.preserve_whitespace_tags
or self.name not in self.preserve_whitespace_tags
)
)
def prettify(self, encoding=None, formatter="minimal"):
"""Pretty-print this PageElement as a string.
:param encoding: The eventual encoding of the string. If this is None,
a Unicode string will be returned.
:param formatter: A Formatter object, or a string naming one of
the standard formatters.
:return: A Unicode string (if encoding==None) or a bytestring
(otherwise).
"""
if encoding is None:
return self.decode(True, formatter=formatter)
else:
return self.encode(encoding, True, formatter=formatter)
def decode_contents(self, indent_level=None,
eventual_encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
formatter="minimal"):
"""Renders the contents of this tag as a Unicode string.
:param indent_level: Each line of the rendering will be
indented this many levels. (The formatter decides what a
'level' means in terms of spaces or other characters
output.) Used internally in recursive calls while
pretty-printing.
:param eventual_encoding: The tag is destined to be
encoded into this encoding. decode_contents() is _not_
responsible for performing that encoding. This information
is passed in so that it can be substituted in if the
document contains a <META> tag that mentions the document's
encoding.
:param formatter: A Formatter object, or a string naming one of
the standard Formatters.
"""
return self.decode(indent_level, eventual_encoding, formatter,
iterator=self.descendants)
def encode_contents(
self, indent_level=None, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
formatter="minimal"):
"""Renders the contents of this PageElement as a bytestring.
:param indent_level: Each line of the rendering will be
indented this many levels. (The formatter decides what a
'level' means in terms of spaces or other characters
output.) Used internally in recursive calls while
pretty-printing.
:param eventual_encoding: The bytestring will be in this encoding.
:param formatter: A Formatter object, or a string naming one of
the standard Formatters.
:return: A bytestring.
"""
contents = self.decode_contents(indent_level, encoding, formatter)
return contents.encode(encoding)
# Old method for BS3 compatibility
def renderContents(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
prettyPrint=False, indentLevel=0):
"""Deprecated method for BS3 compatibility."""
if not prettyPrint:
indentLevel = None
return self.encode_contents(
indent_level=indentLevel, encoding=encoding)
#Soup methods
def find(self, name=None, attrs={}, recursive=True, string=None,
**kwargs):
"""Look in the children of this PageElement and find the first
PageElement that matches the given criteria.
All find_* methods take a common set of arguments. See the online
documentation for detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:param recursive: If this is True, find() will perform a
recursive search of this PageElement's children. Otherwise,
only the direct children will be considered.
:param limit: Stop looking after finding this many results.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:return: A PageElement.
:rtype: bs4.element.Tag | bs4.element.NavigableString
"""
r = None
l = self.find_all(name, attrs, recursive, string, 1, _stacklevel=3,
**kwargs)
if l:
r = l[0]
return r
findChild = find #BS2
def find_all(self, name=None, attrs={}, recursive=True, string=None,
limit=None, **kwargs):
"""Look in the children of this PageElement and find all
PageElements that match the given criteria.
All find_* methods take a common set of arguments. See the online
documentation for detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:param recursive: If this is True, find_all() will perform a
recursive search of this PageElement's children. Otherwise,
only the direct children will be considered.
:param limit: Stop looking after finding this many results.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:return: A ResultSet of PageElements.
:rtype: bs4.element.ResultSet
"""
generator = self.descendants
if not recursive:
generator = self.children
_stacklevel = kwargs.pop('_stacklevel', 2)
return self._find_all(name, attrs, string, limit, generator,
_stacklevel=_stacklevel+1, **kwargs)
findAll = find_all # BS3
findChildren = find_all # BS2
#Generator methods
@property
def children(self):
"""Iterate over all direct children of this PageElement.
:yield: A sequence of PageElements.
"""
# return iter() to make the purpose of the method clear
return iter(self.contents) # XXX This seems to be untested.
@property
def self_and_descendants(self):
"""Iterate over this PageElement and its children in a
breadth-first sequence.
:yield: A sequence of PageElements.
"""
if not self.hidden:
yield self
for i in self.descendants:
yield i
@property
def descendants(self):
"""Iterate over all children of this PageElement in a
breadth-first sequence.
:yield: A sequence of PageElements.
"""
if not len(self.contents):
return
stopNode = self._last_descendant().next_element
current = self.contents[0]
while current is not stopNode:
yield current
current = current.next_element
# CSS selector code
def select_one(self, selector, namespaces=None, **kwargs):
"""Perform a CSS selection operation on the current element.
:param selector: A CSS selector.
:param namespaces: A dictionary mapping namespace prefixes
used in the CSS selector to namespace URIs. By default,
Beautiful Soup will use the prefixes it encountered while
parsing the document.
:param kwargs: Keyword arguments to be passed into Soup Sieve's
soupsieve.select() method.
:return: A Tag.
:rtype: bs4.element.Tag
"""
return self.css.select_one(selector, namespaces, **kwargs)
def select(self, selector, namespaces=None, limit=None, **kwargs):
"""Perform a CSS selection operation on the current element.
This uses the SoupSieve library.
:param selector: A string containing a CSS selector.
:param namespaces: A dictionary mapping namespace prefixes
used in the CSS selector to namespace URIs. By default,
Beautiful Soup will use the prefixes it encountered while
parsing the document.
:param limit: After finding this number of results, stop looking.
:param kwargs: Keyword arguments to be passed into SoupSieve's
soupsieve.select() method.
:return: A ResultSet of Tags.
:rtype: bs4.element.ResultSet
"""
return self.css.select(selector, namespaces, limit, **kwargs)
@property
def css(self):
"""Return an interface to the CSS selector API."""
return CSS(self)
# Old names for backwards compatibility
def childGenerator(self):
"""Deprecated generator."""
return self.children
def recursiveChildGenerator(self):
"""Deprecated generator."""
return self.descendants
def has_key(self, key):
"""Deprecated method. This was kind of misleading because has_key()
(attributes) was different from __in__ (contents).
has_key() is gone in Python 3, anyway.
"""
warnings.warn(
'has_key is deprecated. Use has_attr(key) instead.',
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
)
return self.has_attr(key)
# Next, a couple classes to represent queries and their results.
class SoupStrainer(object):
"""Encapsulates a number of ways of matching a markup element (tag or
string).
This is primarily used to underpin the find_* methods, but you can
create one yourself and pass it in as `parse_only` to the
`BeautifulSoup` constructor, to parse a subset of a large
document.
"""
def __init__(self, name=None, attrs={}, string=None, **kwargs):
"""Constructor.
The SoupStrainer constructor takes the same arguments passed
into the find_* methods. See the online documentation for
detailed explanations.
:param name: A filter on tag name.
:param attrs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
:param string: A filter for a NavigableString with specific text.
:kwargs: A dictionary of filters on attribute values.
"""
if string is None and 'text' in kwargs:
string = kwargs.pop('text')
warnings.warn(
"The 'text' argument to the SoupStrainer constructor is deprecated. Use 'string' instead.",
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
)
self.name = self._normalize_search_value(name)
if not isinstance(attrs, dict):
# Treat a non-dict value for attrs as a search for the 'class'
# attribute.
kwargs['class'] = attrs
attrs = None
if 'class_' in kwargs:
# Treat class_="foo" as a search for the 'class'
# attribute, overriding any non-dict value for attrs.
kwargs['class'] = kwargs['class_']
del kwargs['class_']
if kwargs:
if attrs:
attrs = attrs.copy()
attrs.update(kwargs)
else:
attrs = kwargs
normalized_attrs = {}
for key, value in list(attrs.items()):
normalized_attrs[key] = self._normalize_search_value(value)
self.attrs = normalized_attrs
self.string = self._normalize_search_value(string)
# DEPRECATED but just in case someone is checking this.
self.text = self.string
def _normalize_search_value(self, value):
# Leave it alone if it's a Unicode string, a callable, a
# regular expression, a boolean, or None.
if (isinstance(value, str) or isinstance(value, Callable) or hasattr(value, 'match')
or isinstance(value, bool) or value is None):
return value
# If it's a bytestring, convert it to Unicode, treating it as UTF-8.
if isinstance(value, bytes):
return value.decode("utf8")
# If it's listlike, convert it into a list of strings.
if hasattr(value, '__iter__'):
new_value = []
for v in value:
if (hasattr(v, '__iter__') and not isinstance(v, bytes)
and not isinstance(v, str)):
# This is almost certainly the user's mistake. In the
# interests of avoiding infinite loops, we'll let
# it through as-is rather than doing a recursive call.
new_value.append(v)
else:
new_value.append(self._normalize_search_value(v))
return new_value
# Otherwise, convert it into a Unicode string.
# The unicode(str()) thing is so this will do the same thing on Python 2
# and Python 3.
return str(str(value))
def __str__(self):
"""A human-readable representation of this SoupStrainer."""
if self.string:
return self.string
else:
return "%s|%s" % (self.name, self.attrs)
def search_tag(self, markup_name=None, markup_attrs={}):
"""Check whether a Tag with the given name and attributes would
match this SoupStrainer.
Used prospectively to decide whether to even bother creating a Tag
object.
:param markup_name: A tag name as found in some markup.
:param markup_attrs: A dictionary of attributes as found in some markup.
:return: True if the prospective tag would match this SoupStrainer;
False otherwise.
"""
found = None
markup = None
if isinstance(markup_name, Tag):
markup = markup_name
markup_attrs = markup
if isinstance(self.name, str):
# Optimization for a very common case where the user is
# searching for a tag with one specific name, and we're
# looking at a tag with a different name.
if markup and not markup.prefix and self.name != markup.name:
return False
call_function_with_tag_data = (
isinstance(self.name, Callable)
and not isinstance(markup_name, Tag))
if ((not self.name)
or call_function_with_tag_data
or (markup and self._matches(markup, self.name))
or (not markup and self._matches(markup_name, self.name))):
if call_function_with_tag_data:
match = self.name(markup_name, markup_attrs)
else:
match = True
markup_attr_map = None
for attr, match_against in list(self.attrs.items()):
if not markup_attr_map:
if hasattr(markup_attrs, 'get'):
markup_attr_map = markup_attrs
else:
markup_attr_map = {}
for k, v in markup_attrs:
markup_attr_map[k] = v
attr_value = markup_attr_map.get(attr)
if not self._matches(attr_value, match_against):
match = False
break
if match:
if markup:
found = markup
else:
found = markup_name
if found and self.string and not self._matches(found.string, self.string):
found = None
return found
# For BS3 compatibility.
searchTag = search_tag
def search(self, markup):
"""Find all items in `markup` that match this SoupStrainer.
Used by the core _find_all() method, which is ultimately
called by all find_* methods.
:param markup: A PageElement or a list of them.
"""
# print('looking for %s in %s' % (self, markup))
found = None
# If given a list of items, scan it for a text element that
# matches.
if hasattr(markup, '__iter__') and not isinstance(markup, (Tag, str)):
for element in markup:
if isinstance(element, NavigableString) \
and self.search(element):
found = element
break
# If it's a Tag, make sure its name or attributes match.
# Don't bother with Tags if we're searching for text.
elif isinstance(markup, Tag):
if not self.string or self.name or self.attrs:
found = self.search_tag(markup)
# If it's text, make sure the text matches.
elif isinstance(markup, NavigableString) or \
isinstance(markup, str):
if not self.name and not self.attrs and self._matches(markup, self.string):
found = markup
else:
raise Exception(
"I don't know how to match against a %s" % markup.__class__)
return found
def _matches(self, markup, match_against, already_tried=None):
# print(u"Matching %s against %s" % (markup, match_against))
result = False
if isinstance(markup, list) or isinstance(markup, tuple):
# This should only happen when searching a multi-valued attribute
# like 'class'.
for item in markup:
if self._matches(item, match_against):
return True
# We didn't match any particular value of the multivalue
# attribute, but maybe we match the attribute value when
# considered as a string.
if self._matches(' '.join(markup), match_against):
return True
return False
if match_against is True:
# True matches any non-None value.
return markup is not None
if isinstance(match_against, Callable):
return match_against(markup)
# Custom callables take the tag as an argument, but all
# other ways of matching match the tag name as a string.
original_markup = markup
if isinstance(markup, Tag):
markup = markup.name
# Ensure that `markup` is either a Unicode string, or None.
markup = self._normalize_search_value(markup)
if markup is None:
# None matches None, False, an empty string, an empty list, and so on.
return not match_against
if (hasattr(match_against, '__iter__')
and not isinstance(match_against, str)):
# We're asked to match against an iterable of items.
# The markup must be match at least one item in the
# iterable. We'll try each one in turn.
#
# To avoid infinite recursion we need to keep track of
# items we've already seen.
if not already_tried:
already_tried = set()
for item in match_against:
if item.__hash__:
key = item
else:
key = id(item)
if key in already_tried:
continue
else:
already_tried.add(key)
if self._matches(original_markup, item, already_tried):
return True
else:
return False
# Beyond this point we might need to run the test twice: once against
# the tag's name and once against its prefixed name.
match = False
if not match and isinstance(match_against, str):
# Exact string match
match = markup == match_against
if not match and hasattr(match_against, 'search'):
# Regexp match
return match_against.search(markup)
if (not match
and isinstance(original_markup, Tag)
and original_markup.prefix):
# Try the whole thing again with the prefixed tag name.
return self._matches(
original_markup.prefix + ':' + original_markup.name, match_against
)
return match
class ResultSet(list):
"""A ResultSet is just a list that keeps track of the SoupStrainer
that created it."""
def __init__(self, source, result=()):
"""Constructor.
:param source: A SoupStrainer.
:param result: A list of PageElements.
"""
super(ResultSet, self).__init__(result)
self.source = source
def __getattr__(self, key):
"""Raise a helpful exception to explain a common code fix."""
raise AttributeError(
"ResultSet object has no attribute '%s'. You're probably treating a list of elements like a single element. Did you call find_all() when you meant to call find()?" % key
)
PK `ZZZu9 bs4/formatter.pyfrom bs4.dammit import EntitySubstitution
class Formatter(EntitySubstitution):
"""Describes a strategy to use when outputting a parse tree to a string.
Some parts of this strategy come from the distinction between
HTML4, HTML5, and XML. Others are configurable by the user.
Formatters are passed in as the `formatter` argument to methods
like `PageElement.encode`. Most people won't need to think about
formatters, and most people who need to think about them can pass
in one of these predefined strings as `formatter` rather than
making a new Formatter object:
For HTML documents:
* 'html' - HTML entity substitution for generic HTML documents. (default)
* 'html5' - HTML entity substitution for HTML5 documents, as
well as some optimizations in the way tags are rendered.
* 'minimal' - Only make the substitutions necessary to guarantee
valid HTML.
* None - Do not perform any substitution. This will be faster
but may result in invalid markup.
For XML documents:
* 'html' - Entity substitution for XHTML documents.
* 'minimal' - Only make the substitutions necessary to guarantee
valid XML. (default)
* None - Do not perform any substitution. This will be faster
but may result in invalid markup.
"""
# Registries of XML and HTML formatters.
XML_FORMATTERS = {}
HTML_FORMATTERS = {}
HTML = 'html'
XML = 'xml'
HTML_DEFAULTS = dict(
cdata_containing_tags=set(["script", "style"]),
)
def _default(self, language, value, kwarg):
if value is not None:
return value
if language == self.XML:
return set()
return self.HTML_DEFAULTS[kwarg]
def __init__(
self, language=None, entity_substitution=None,
void_element_close_prefix='/', cdata_containing_tags=None,
empty_attributes_are_booleans=False, indent=1,
):
r"""Constructor.
:param language: This should be Formatter.XML if you are formatting
XML markup and Formatter.HTML if you are formatting HTML markup.
:param entity_substitution: A function to call to replace special
characters with XML/HTML entities. For examples, see
bs4.dammit.EntitySubstitution.substitute_html and substitute_xml.
:param void_element_close_prefix: By default, void elements
are represented as <tag/> (XML rules) rather than <tag>
(HTML rules). To get <tag>, pass in the empty string.
:param cdata_containing_tags: The list of tags that are defined
as containing CDATA in this dialect. For example, in HTML,
<script> and <style> tags are defined as containing CDATA,
and their contents should not be formatted.
:param blank_attributes_are_booleans: Render attributes whose value
is the empty string as HTML-style boolean attributes.
(Attributes whose value is None are always rendered this way.)
:param indent: If indent is a non-negative integer or string,
then the contents of elements will be indented
appropriately when pretty-printing. An indent level of 0,
negative, or "" will only insert newlines. Using a
positive integer indent indents that many spaces per
level. If indent is a string (such as "\t"), that string
is used to indent each level. The default behavior is to
indent one space per level.
"""
self.language = language
self.entity_substitution = entity_substitution
self.void_element_close_prefix = void_element_close_prefix
self.cdata_containing_tags = self._default(
language, cdata_containing_tags, 'cdata_containing_tags'
)
self.empty_attributes_are_booleans=empty_attributes_are_booleans
if indent is None:
indent = 0
if isinstance(indent, int):
if indent < 0:
indent = 0
indent = ' ' * indent
elif isinstance(indent, str):
indent = indent
else:
indent = ' '
self.indent = indent
def substitute(self, ns):
"""Process a string that needs to undergo entity substitution.
This may be a string encountered in an attribute value or as
text.
:param ns: A string.
:return: A string with certain characters replaced by named
or numeric entities.
"""
if not self.entity_substitution:
return ns
from .element import NavigableString
if (isinstance(ns, NavigableString)
and ns.parent is not None
and ns.parent.name in self.cdata_containing_tags):
# Do nothing.
return ns
# Substitute.
return self.entity_substitution(ns)
def attribute_value(self, value):
"""Process the value of an attribute.
:param ns: A string.
:return: A string with certain characters replaced by named
or numeric entities.
"""
return self.substitute(value)
def attributes(self, tag):
"""Reorder a tag's attributes however you want.
By default, attributes are sorted alphabetically. This makes
behavior consistent between Python 2 and Python 3, and preserves
backwards compatibility with older versions of Beautiful Soup.
If `empty_boolean_attributes` is True, then attributes whose
values are set to the empty string will be treated as boolean
attributes.
"""
if tag.attrs is None:
return []
return sorted(
(k, (None if self.empty_attributes_are_booleans and v == '' else v))
for k, v in list(tag.attrs.items())
)
class HTMLFormatter(Formatter):
"""A generic Formatter for HTML."""
REGISTRY = {}
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(HTMLFormatter, self).__init__(self.HTML, *args, **kwargs)
class XMLFormatter(Formatter):
"""A generic Formatter for XML."""
REGISTRY = {}
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(XMLFormatter, self).__init__(self.XML, *args, **kwargs)
# Set up aliases for the default formatters.
HTMLFormatter.REGISTRY['html'] = HTMLFormatter(
entity_substitution=EntitySubstitution.substitute_html
)
HTMLFormatter.REGISTRY["html5"] = HTMLFormatter(
entity_substitution=EntitySubstitution.substitute_html,
void_element_close_prefix=None,
empty_attributes_are_booleans=True,
)
HTMLFormatter.REGISTRY["minimal"] = HTMLFormatter(
entity_substitution=EntitySubstitution.substitute_xml
)
HTMLFormatter.REGISTRY[None] = HTMLFormatter(
entity_substitution=None
)
XMLFormatter.REGISTRY["html"] = XMLFormatter(
entity_substitution=EntitySubstitution.substitute_html
)
XMLFormatter.REGISTRY["minimal"] = XMLFormatter(
entity_substitution=EntitySubstitution.substitute_xml
)
XMLFormatter.REGISTRY[None] = Formatter(
Formatter(Formatter.XML, entity_substitution=None)
)
PK `ZZZ%�1��_ �_ bs4/builder/__init__.py# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license.
__license__ = "MIT"
from collections import defaultdict
import itertools
import re
import warnings
import sys
from bs4.element import (
CharsetMetaAttributeValue,
ContentMetaAttributeValue,
RubyParenthesisString,
RubyTextString,
Stylesheet,
Script,
TemplateString,
nonwhitespace_re
)
__all__ = [
'HTMLTreeBuilder',
'SAXTreeBuilder',
'TreeBuilder',
'TreeBuilderRegistry',
]
# Some useful features for a TreeBuilder to have.
FAST = 'fast'
PERMISSIVE = 'permissive'
STRICT = 'strict'
XML = 'xml'
HTML = 'html'
HTML_5 = 'html5'
class XMLParsedAsHTMLWarning(UserWarning):
"""The warning issued when an HTML parser is used to parse
XML that is not XHTML.
"""
MESSAGE = """It looks like you're parsing an XML document using an HTML parser. If this really is an HTML document (maybe it's XHTML?), you can ignore or filter this warning. If it's XML, you should know that using an XML parser will be more reliable. To parse this document as XML, make sure you have the lxml package installed, and pass the keyword argument `features="xml"` into the BeautifulSoup constructor."""
class TreeBuilderRegistry(object):
"""A way of looking up TreeBuilder subclasses by their name or by desired
features.
"""
def __init__(self):
self.builders_for_feature = defaultdict(list)
self.builders = []
def register(self, treebuilder_class):
"""Register a treebuilder based on its advertised features.
:param treebuilder_class: A subclass of Treebuilder. its .features
attribute should list its features.
"""
for feature in treebuilder_class.features:
self.builders_for_feature[feature].insert(0, treebuilder_class)
self.builders.insert(0, treebuilder_class)
def lookup(self, *features):
"""Look up a TreeBuilder subclass with the desired features.
:param features: A list of features to look for. If none are
provided, the most recently registered TreeBuilder subclass
will be used.
:return: A TreeBuilder subclass, or None if there's no
registered subclass with all the requested features.
"""
if len(self.builders) == 0:
# There are no builders at all.
return None
if len(features) == 0:
# They didn't ask for any features. Give them the most
# recently registered builder.
return self.builders[0]
# Go down the list of features in order, and eliminate any builders
# that don't match every feature.
features = list(features)
features.reverse()
candidates = None
candidate_set = None
while len(features) > 0:
feature = features.pop()
we_have_the_feature = self.builders_for_feature.get(feature, [])
if len(we_have_the_feature) > 0:
if candidates is None:
candidates = we_have_the_feature
candidate_set = set(candidates)
else:
# Eliminate any candidates that don't have this feature.
candidate_set = candidate_set.intersection(
set(we_have_the_feature))
# The only valid candidates are the ones in candidate_set.
# Go through the original list of candidates and pick the first one
# that's in candidate_set.
if candidate_set is None:
return None
for candidate in candidates:
if candidate in candidate_set:
return candidate
return None
# The BeautifulSoup class will take feature lists from developers and use them
# to look up builders in this registry.
builder_registry = TreeBuilderRegistry()
class TreeBuilder(object):
"""Turn a textual document into a Beautiful Soup object tree."""
NAME = "[Unknown tree builder]"
ALTERNATE_NAMES = []
features = []
is_xml = False
picklable = False
empty_element_tags = None # A tag will be considered an empty-element
# tag when and only when it has no contents.
# A value for these tag/attribute combinations is a space- or
# comma-separated list of CDATA, rather than a single CDATA.
DEFAULT_CDATA_LIST_ATTRIBUTES = defaultdict(list)
# Whitespace should be preserved inside these tags.
DEFAULT_PRESERVE_WHITESPACE_TAGS = set()
# The textual contents of tags with these names should be
# instantiated with some class other than NavigableString.
DEFAULT_STRING_CONTAINERS = {}
USE_DEFAULT = object()
# Most parsers don't keep track of line numbers.
TRACKS_LINE_NUMBERS = False
def __init__(self, multi_valued_attributes=USE_DEFAULT,
preserve_whitespace_tags=USE_DEFAULT,
store_line_numbers=USE_DEFAULT,
string_containers=USE_DEFAULT,
):
"""Constructor.
:param multi_valued_attributes: If this is set to None, the
TreeBuilder will not turn any values for attributes like
'class' into lists. Setting this to a dictionary will
customize this behavior; look at DEFAULT_CDATA_LIST_ATTRIBUTES
for an example.
Internally, these are called "CDATA list attributes", but that
probably doesn't make sense to an end-user, so the argument name
is `multi_valued_attributes`.
:param preserve_whitespace_tags: A list of tags to treat
the way <pre> tags are treated in HTML. Tags in this list
are immune from pretty-printing; their contents will always be
output as-is.
:param string_containers: A dictionary mapping tag names to
the classes that should be instantiated to contain the textual
contents of those tags. The default is to use NavigableString
for every tag, no matter what the name. You can override the
default by changing DEFAULT_STRING_CONTAINERS.
:param store_line_numbers: If the parser keeps track of the
line numbers and positions of the original markup, that
information will, by default, be stored in each corresponding
`Tag` object. You can turn this off by passing
store_line_numbers=False. If the parser you're using doesn't
keep track of this information, then setting store_line_numbers=True
will do nothing.
"""
self.soup = None
if multi_valued_attributes is self.USE_DEFAULT:
multi_valued_attributes = self.DEFAULT_CDATA_LIST_ATTRIBUTES
self.cdata_list_attributes = multi_valued_attributes
if preserve_whitespace_tags is self.USE_DEFAULT:
preserve_whitespace_tags = self.DEFAULT_PRESERVE_WHITESPACE_TAGS
self.preserve_whitespace_tags = preserve_whitespace_tags
if store_line_numbers == self.USE_DEFAULT:
store_line_numbers = self.TRACKS_LINE_NUMBERS
self.store_line_numbers = store_line_numbers
if string_containers == self.USE_DEFAULT:
string_containers = self.DEFAULT_STRING_CONTAINERS
self.string_containers = string_containers
def initialize_soup(self, soup):
"""The BeautifulSoup object has been initialized and is now
being associated with the TreeBuilder.
:param soup: A BeautifulSoup object.
"""
self.soup = soup
def reset(self):
"""Do any work necessary to reset the underlying parser
for a new document.
By default, this does nothing.
"""
pass
def can_be_empty_element(self, tag_name):
"""Might a tag with this name be an empty-element tag?
The final markup may or may not actually present this tag as
self-closing.
For instance: an HTMLBuilder does not consider a <p> tag to be
an empty-element tag (it's not in
HTMLBuilder.empty_element_tags). This means an empty <p> tag
will be presented as "<p></p>", not "<p/>" or "<p>".
The default implementation has no opinion about which tags are
empty-element tags, so a tag will be presented as an
empty-element tag if and only if it has no children.
"<foo></foo>" will become "<foo/>", and "<foo>bar</foo>" will
be left alone.
:param tag_name: The name of a markup tag.
"""
if self.empty_element_tags is None:
return True
return tag_name in self.empty_element_tags
def feed(self, markup):
"""Run some incoming markup through some parsing process,
populating the `BeautifulSoup` object in self.soup.
This method is not implemented in TreeBuilder; it must be
implemented in subclasses.
:return: None.
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
def prepare_markup(self, markup, user_specified_encoding=None,
document_declared_encoding=None, exclude_encodings=None):
"""Run any preliminary steps necessary to make incoming markup
acceptable to the parser.
:param markup: Some markup -- probably a bytestring.
:param user_specified_encoding: The user asked to try this encoding.
:param document_declared_encoding: The markup itself claims to be
in this encoding. NOTE: This argument is not used by the
calling code and can probably be removed.
:param exclude_encodings: The user asked _not_ to try any of
these encodings.
:yield: A series of 4-tuples:
(markup, encoding, declared encoding,
has undergone character replacement)
Each 4-tuple represents a strategy for converting the
document to Unicode and parsing it. Each strategy will be tried
in turn.
By default, the only strategy is to parse the markup
as-is. See `LXMLTreeBuilderForXML` and
`HTMLParserTreeBuilder` for implementations that take into
account the quirks of particular parsers.
"""
yield markup, None, None, False
def test_fragment_to_document(self, fragment):
"""Wrap an HTML fragment to make it look like a document.
Different parsers do this differently. For instance, lxml
introduces an empty <head> tag, and html5lib
doesn't. Abstracting this away lets us write simple tests
which run HTML fragments through the parser and compare the
results against other HTML fragments.
This method should not be used outside of tests.
:param fragment: A string -- fragment of HTML.
:return: A string -- a full HTML document.
"""
return fragment
def set_up_substitutions(self, tag):
"""Set up any substitutions that will need to be performed on
a `Tag` when it's output as a string.
By default, this does nothing. See `HTMLTreeBuilder` for a
case where this is used.
:param tag: A `Tag`
:return: Whether or not a substitution was performed.
"""
return False
def _replace_cdata_list_attribute_values(self, tag_name, attrs):
"""When an attribute value is associated with a tag that can
have multiple values for that attribute, convert the string
value to a list of strings.
Basically, replaces class="foo bar" with class=["foo", "bar"]
NOTE: This method modifies its input in place.
:param tag_name: The name of a tag.
:param attrs: A dictionary containing the tag's attributes.
Any appropriate attribute values will be modified in place.
"""
if not attrs:
return attrs
if self.cdata_list_attributes:
universal = self.cdata_list_attributes.get('*', [])
tag_specific = self.cdata_list_attributes.get(
tag_name.lower(), None)
for attr in list(attrs.keys()):
if attr in universal or (tag_specific and attr in tag_specific):
# We have a "class"-type attribute whose string
# value is a whitespace-separated list of
# values. Split it into a list.
value = attrs[attr]
if isinstance(value, str):
values = nonwhitespace_re.findall(value)
else:
# html5lib sometimes calls setAttributes twice
# for the same tag when rearranging the parse
# tree. On the second call the attribute value
# here is already a list. If this happens,
# leave the value alone rather than trying to
# split it again.
values = value
attrs[attr] = values
return attrs
class SAXTreeBuilder(TreeBuilder):
"""A Beautiful Soup treebuilder that listens for SAX events.
This is not currently used for anything, but it demonstrates
how a simple TreeBuilder would work.
"""
def feed(self, markup):
raise NotImplementedError()
def close(self):
pass
def startElement(self, name, attrs):
attrs = dict((key[1], value) for key, value in list(attrs.items()))
#print("Start %s, %r" % (name, attrs))
self.soup.handle_starttag(name, attrs)
def endElement(self, name):
#print("End %s" % name)
self.soup.handle_endtag(name)
def startElementNS(self, nsTuple, nodeName, attrs):
# Throw away (ns, nodeName) for now.
self.startElement(nodeName, attrs)
def endElementNS(self, nsTuple, nodeName):
# Throw away (ns, nodeName) for now.
self.endElement(nodeName)
#handler.endElementNS((ns, node.nodeName), node.nodeName)
def startPrefixMapping(self, prefix, nodeValue):
# Ignore the prefix for now.
pass
def endPrefixMapping(self, prefix):
# Ignore the prefix for now.
# handler.endPrefixMapping(prefix)
pass
def characters(self, content):
self.soup.handle_data(content)
def startDocument(self):
pass
def endDocument(self):
pass
class HTMLTreeBuilder(TreeBuilder):
"""This TreeBuilder knows facts about HTML.
Such as which tags are empty-element tags.
"""
empty_element_tags = set([
# These are from HTML5.
'area', 'base', 'br', 'col', 'embed', 'hr', 'img', 'input', 'keygen', 'link', 'menuitem', 'meta', 'param', 'source', 'track', 'wbr',
# These are from earlier versions of HTML and are removed in HTML5.
'basefont', 'bgsound', 'command', 'frame', 'image', 'isindex', 'nextid', 'spacer'
])
# The HTML standard defines these as block-level elements. Beautiful
# Soup does not treat these elements differently from other elements,
# but it may do so eventually, and this information is available if
# you need to use it.
block_elements = set(["address", "article", "aside", "blockquote", "canvas", "dd", "div", "dl", "dt", "fieldset", "figcaption", "figure", "footer", "form", "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6", "header", "hr", "li", "main", "nav", "noscript", "ol", "output", "p", "pre", "section", "table", "tfoot", "ul", "video"])
# These HTML tags need special treatment so they can be
# represented by a string class other than NavigableString.
#
# For some of these tags, it's because the HTML standard defines
# an unusual content model for them. I made this list by going
# through the HTML spec
# (https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#metadata-content) and looking for
# "metadata content" elements that can contain strings.
#
# The Ruby tags (<rt> and <rp>) are here despite being normal
# "phrasing content" tags, because the content they contain is
# qualitatively different from other text in the document, and it
# can be useful to be able to distinguish it.
#
# TODO: Arguably <noscript> could go here but it seems
# qualitatively different from the other tags.
DEFAULT_STRING_CONTAINERS = {
'rt' : RubyTextString,
'rp' : RubyParenthesisString,
'style': Stylesheet,
'script': Script,
'template': TemplateString,
}
# The HTML standard defines these attributes as containing a
# space-separated list of values, not a single value. That is,
# class="foo bar" means that the 'class' attribute has two values,
# 'foo' and 'bar', not the single value 'foo bar'. When we
# encounter one of these attributes, we will parse its value into
# a list of values if possible. Upon output, the list will be
# converted back into a string.
DEFAULT_CDATA_LIST_ATTRIBUTES = {
"*" : ['class', 'accesskey', 'dropzone'],
"a" : ['rel', 'rev'],
"link" : ['rel', 'rev'],
"td" : ["headers"],
"th" : ["headers"],
"td" : ["headers"],
"form" : ["accept-charset"],
"object" : ["archive"],
# These are HTML5 specific, as are *.accesskey and *.dropzone above.
"area" : ["rel"],
"icon" : ["sizes"],
"iframe" : ["sandbox"],
"output" : ["for"],
}
DEFAULT_PRESERVE_WHITESPACE_TAGS = set(['pre', 'textarea'])
def set_up_substitutions(self, tag):
"""Replace the declared encoding in a <meta> tag with a placeholder,
to be substituted when the tag is output to a string.
An HTML document may come in to Beautiful Soup as one
encoding, but exit in a different encoding, and the <meta> tag
needs to be changed to reflect this.
:param tag: A `Tag`
:return: Whether or not a substitution was performed.
"""
# We are only interested in <meta> tags
if tag.name != 'meta':
return False
http_equiv = tag.get('http-equiv')
content = tag.get('content')
charset = tag.get('charset')
# We are interested in <meta> tags that say what encoding the
# document was originally in. This means HTML 5-style <meta>
# tags that provide the "charset" attribute. It also means
# HTML 4-style <meta> tags that provide the "content"
# attribute and have "http-equiv" set to "content-type".
#
# In both cases we will replace the value of the appropriate
# attribute with a standin object that can take on any
# encoding.
meta_encoding = None
if charset is not None:
# HTML 5 style:
# <meta charset="utf8">
meta_encoding = charset
tag['charset'] = CharsetMetaAttributeValue(charset)
elif (content is not None and http_equiv is not None
and http_equiv.lower() == 'content-type'):
# HTML 4 style:
# <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf8">
tag['content'] = ContentMetaAttributeValue(content)
return (meta_encoding is not None)
class DetectsXMLParsedAsHTML(object):
"""A mixin class for any class (a TreeBuilder, or some class used by a
TreeBuilder) that's in a position to detect whether an XML
document is being incorrectly parsed as HTML, and issue an
appropriate warning.
This requires being able to observe an incoming processing
instruction that might be an XML declaration, and also able to
observe tags as they're opened. If you can't do that for a given
TreeBuilder, there's a less reliable implementation based on
examining the raw markup.
"""
# Regular expression for seeing if markup has an <html> tag.
LOOKS_LIKE_HTML = re.compile("<[^ +]html", re.I)
LOOKS_LIKE_HTML_B = re.compile(b"<[^ +]html", re.I)
XML_PREFIX = '<?xml'
XML_PREFIX_B = b'<?xml'
@classmethod
def warn_if_markup_looks_like_xml(cls, markup, stacklevel=3):
"""Perform a check on some markup to see if it looks like XML
that's not XHTML. If so, issue a warning.
This is much less reliable than doing the check while parsing,
but some of the tree builders can't do that.
:param stacklevel: The stacklevel of the code calling this
function.
:return: True if the markup looks like non-XHTML XML, False
otherwise.
"""
if isinstance(markup, bytes):
prefix = cls.XML_PREFIX_B
looks_like_html = cls.LOOKS_LIKE_HTML_B
else:
prefix = cls.XML_PREFIX
looks_like_html = cls.LOOKS_LIKE_HTML
if (markup is not None
and markup.startswith(prefix)
and not looks_like_html.search(markup[:500])
):
cls._warn(stacklevel=stacklevel+2)
return True
return False
@classmethod
def _warn(cls, stacklevel=5):
"""Issue a warning about XML being parsed as HTML."""
warnings.warn(
XMLParsedAsHTMLWarning.MESSAGE, XMLParsedAsHTMLWarning,
stacklevel=stacklevel
)
def _initialize_xml_detector(self):
"""Call this method before parsing a document."""
self._first_processing_instruction = None
self._root_tag = None
def _document_might_be_xml(self, processing_instruction):
"""Call this method when encountering an XML declaration, or a
"processing instruction" that might be an XML declaration.
"""
if (self._first_processing_instruction is not None
or self._root_tag is not None):
# The document has already started. Don't bother checking
# anymore.
return
self._first_processing_instruction = processing_instruction
# We won't know until we encounter the first tag whether or
# not this is actually a problem.
def _root_tag_encountered(self, name):
"""Call this when you encounter the document's root tag.
This is where we actually check whether an XML document is
being incorrectly parsed as HTML, and issue the warning.
"""
if self._root_tag is not None:
# This method was incorrectly called multiple times. Do
# nothing.
return
self._root_tag = name
if (name != 'html' and self._first_processing_instruction is not None
and self._first_processing_instruction.lower().startswith('xml ')):
# We encountered an XML declaration and then a tag other
# than 'html'. This is a reliable indicator that a
# non-XHTML document is being parsed as XML.
self._warn()
def register_treebuilders_from(module):
"""Copy TreeBuilders from the given module into this module."""
this_module = sys.modules[__name__]
for name in module.__all__:
obj = getattr(module, name)
if issubclass(obj, TreeBuilder):
setattr(this_module, name, obj)
this_module.__all__.append(name)
# Register the builder while we're at it.
this_module.builder_registry.register(obj)
class ParserRejectedMarkup(Exception):
"""An Exception to be raised when the underlying parser simply
refuses to parse the given markup.
"""
def __init__(self, message_or_exception):
"""Explain why the parser rejected the given markup, either
with a textual explanation or another exception.
"""
if isinstance(message_or_exception, Exception):
e = message_or_exception
message_or_exception = "%s: %s" % (e.__class__.__name__, str(e))
super(ParserRejectedMarkup, self).__init__(message_or_exception)
# Builders are registered in reverse order of priority, so that custom
# builder registrations will take precedence. In general, we want lxml
# to take precedence over html5lib, because it's faster. And we only
# want to use HTMLParser as a last resort.
from . import _htmlparser
register_treebuilders_from(_htmlparser)
try:
from . import _html5lib
register_treebuilders_from(_html5lib)
except ImportError:
# They don't have html5lib installed.
pass
try:
from . import _lxml
register_treebuilders_from(_lxml)
except ImportError:
# They don't have lxml installed.
pass
PK `ZZZ�9�ʪJ �J bs4/builder/_html5lib.py# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license.
__license__ = "MIT"
__all__ = [
'HTML5TreeBuilder',
]
import warnings
import re
from bs4.builder import (
DetectsXMLParsedAsHTML,
PERMISSIVE,
HTML,
HTML_5,
HTMLTreeBuilder,
)
from bs4.element import (
NamespacedAttribute,
nonwhitespace_re,
)
import html5lib
from html5lib.constants import (
namespaces,
prefixes,
)
from bs4.element import (
Comment,
Doctype,
NavigableString,
Tag,
)
try:
# Pre-0.99999999
from html5lib.treebuilders import _base as treebuilder_base
new_html5lib = False
except ImportError as e:
# 0.99999999 and up
from html5lib.treebuilders import base as treebuilder_base
new_html5lib = True
class HTML5TreeBuilder(HTMLTreeBuilder):
"""Use html5lib to build a tree.
Note that this TreeBuilder does not support some features common
to HTML TreeBuilders. Some of these features could theoretically
be implemented, but at the very least it's quite difficult,
because html5lib moves the parse tree around as it's being built.
* This TreeBuilder doesn't use different subclasses of NavigableString
based on the name of the tag in which the string was found.
* You can't use a SoupStrainer to parse only part of a document.
"""
NAME = "html5lib"
features = [NAME, PERMISSIVE, HTML_5, HTML]
# html5lib can tell us which line number and position in the
# original file is the source of an element.
TRACKS_LINE_NUMBERS = True
def prepare_markup(self, markup, user_specified_encoding,
document_declared_encoding=None, exclude_encodings=None):
# Store the user-specified encoding for use later on.
self.user_specified_encoding = user_specified_encoding
# document_declared_encoding and exclude_encodings aren't used
# ATM because the html5lib TreeBuilder doesn't use
# UnicodeDammit.
if exclude_encodings:
warnings.warn(
"You provided a value for exclude_encoding, but the html5lib tree builder doesn't support exclude_encoding.",
stacklevel=3
)
# html5lib only parses HTML, so if it's given XML that's worth
# noting.
DetectsXMLParsedAsHTML.warn_if_markup_looks_like_xml(
markup, stacklevel=3
)
yield (markup, None, None, False)
# These methods are defined by Beautiful Soup.
def feed(self, markup):
if self.soup.parse_only is not None:
warnings.warn(
"You provided a value for parse_only, but the html5lib tree builder doesn't support parse_only. The entire document will be parsed.",
stacklevel=4
)
parser = html5lib.HTMLParser(tree=self.create_treebuilder)
self.underlying_builder.parser = parser
extra_kwargs = dict()
if not isinstance(markup, str):
if new_html5lib:
extra_kwargs['override_encoding'] = self.user_specified_encoding
else:
extra_kwargs['encoding'] = self.user_specified_encoding
doc = parser.parse(markup, **extra_kwargs)
# Set the character encoding detected by the tokenizer.
if isinstance(markup, str):
# We need to special-case this because html5lib sets
# charEncoding to UTF-8 if it gets Unicode input.
doc.original_encoding = None
else:
original_encoding = parser.tokenizer.stream.charEncoding[0]
if not isinstance(original_encoding, str):
# In 0.99999999 and up, the encoding is an html5lib
# Encoding object. We want to use a string for compatibility
# with other tree builders.
original_encoding = original_encoding.name
doc.original_encoding = original_encoding
self.underlying_builder.parser = None
def create_treebuilder(self, namespaceHTMLElements):
self.underlying_builder = TreeBuilderForHtml5lib(
namespaceHTMLElements, self.soup,
store_line_numbers=self.store_line_numbers
)
return self.underlying_builder
def test_fragment_to_document(self, fragment):
"""See `TreeBuilder`."""
return '<html><head></head><body>%s</body></html>' % fragment
class TreeBuilderForHtml5lib(treebuilder_base.TreeBuilder):
def __init__(self, namespaceHTMLElements, soup=None,
store_line_numbers=True, **kwargs):
if soup:
self.soup = soup
else:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# TODO: Why is the parser 'html.parser' here? To avoid an
# infinite loop?
self.soup = BeautifulSoup(
"", "html.parser", store_line_numbers=store_line_numbers,
**kwargs
)
# TODO: What are **kwargs exactly? Should they be passed in
# here in addition to/instead of being passed to the BeautifulSoup
# constructor?
super(TreeBuilderForHtml5lib, self).__init__(namespaceHTMLElements)
# This will be set later to an html5lib.html5parser.HTMLParser
# object, which we can use to track the current line number.
self.parser = None
self.store_line_numbers = store_line_numbers
def documentClass(self):
self.soup.reset()
return Element(self.soup, self.soup, None)
def insertDoctype(self, token):
name = token["name"]
publicId = token["publicId"]
systemId = token["systemId"]
doctype = Doctype.for_name_and_ids(name, publicId, systemId)
self.soup.object_was_parsed(doctype)
def elementClass(self, name, namespace):
kwargs = {}
if self.parser and self.store_line_numbers:
# This represents the point immediately after the end of the
# tag. We don't know when the tag started, but we do know
# where it ended -- the character just before this one.
sourceline, sourcepos = self.parser.tokenizer.stream.position()
kwargs['sourceline'] = sourceline
kwargs['sourcepos'] = sourcepos-1
tag = self.soup.new_tag(name, namespace, **kwargs)
return Element(tag, self.soup, namespace)
def commentClass(self, data):
return TextNode(Comment(data), self.soup)
def fragmentClass(self):
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# TODO: Why is the parser 'html.parser' here? To avoid an
# infinite loop?
self.soup = BeautifulSoup("", "html.parser")
self.soup.name = "[document_fragment]"
return Element(self.soup, self.soup, None)
def appendChild(self, node):
# XXX This code is not covered by the BS4 tests.
self.soup.append(node.element)
def getDocument(self):
return self.soup
def getFragment(self):
return treebuilder_base.TreeBuilder.getFragment(self).element
def testSerializer(self, element):
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
rv = []
doctype_re = re.compile(r'^(.*?)(?: PUBLIC "(.*?)"(?: "(.*?)")?| SYSTEM "(.*?)")?$')
def serializeElement(element, indent=0):
if isinstance(element, BeautifulSoup):
pass
if isinstance(element, Doctype):
m = doctype_re.match(element)
if m:
name = m.group(1)
if m.lastindex > 1:
publicId = m.group(2) or ""
systemId = m.group(3) or m.group(4) or ""
rv.append("""|%s<!DOCTYPE %s "%s" "%s">""" %
(' ' * indent, name, publicId, systemId))
else:
rv.append("|%s<!DOCTYPE %s>" % (' ' * indent, name))
else:
rv.append("|%s<!DOCTYPE >" % (' ' * indent,))
elif isinstance(element, Comment):
rv.append("|%s<!-- %s -->" % (' ' * indent, element))
elif isinstance(element, NavigableString):
rv.append("|%s\"%s\"" % (' ' * indent, element))
else:
if element.namespace:
name = "%s %s" % (prefixes[element.namespace],
element.name)
else:
name = element.name
rv.append("|%s<%s>" % (' ' * indent, name))
if element.attrs:
attributes = []
for name, value in list(element.attrs.items()):
if isinstance(name, NamespacedAttribute):
name = "%s %s" % (prefixes[name.namespace], name.name)
if isinstance(value, list):
value = " ".join(value)
attributes.append((name, value))
for name, value in sorted(attributes):
rv.append('|%s%s="%s"' % (' ' * (indent + 2), name, value))
indent += 2
for child in element.children:
serializeElement(child, indent)
serializeElement(element, 0)
return "\n".join(rv)
class AttrList(object):
def __init__(self, element):
self.element = element
self.attrs = dict(self.element.attrs)
def __iter__(self):
return list(self.attrs.items()).__iter__()
def __setitem__(self, name, value):
# If this attribute is a multi-valued attribute for this element,
# turn its value into a list.
list_attr = self.element.cdata_list_attributes or {}
if (name in list_attr.get('*', [])
or (self.element.name in list_attr
and name in list_attr.get(self.element.name, []))):
# A node that is being cloned may have already undergone
# this procedure.
if not isinstance(value, list):
value = nonwhitespace_re.findall(value)
self.element[name] = value
def items(self):
return list(self.attrs.items())
def keys(self):
return list(self.attrs.keys())
def __len__(self):
return len(self.attrs)
def __getitem__(self, name):
return self.attrs[name]
def __contains__(self, name):
return name in list(self.attrs.keys())
class Element(treebuilder_base.Node):
def __init__(self, element, soup, namespace):
treebuilder_base.Node.__init__(self, element.name)
self.element = element
self.soup = soup
self.namespace = namespace
def appendChild(self, node):
string_child = child = None
if isinstance(node, str):
# Some other piece of code decided to pass in a string
# instead of creating a TextElement object to contain the
# string.
string_child = child = node
elif isinstance(node, Tag):
# Some other piece of code decided to pass in a Tag
# instead of creating an Element object to contain the
# Tag.
child = node
elif node.element.__class__ == NavigableString:
string_child = child = node.element
node.parent = self
else:
child = node.element
node.parent = self
if not isinstance(child, str) and child.parent is not None:
node.element.extract()
if (string_child is not None and self.element.contents
and self.element.contents[-1].__class__ == NavigableString):
# We are appending a string onto another string.
# TODO This has O(n^2) performance, for input like
# "a</a>a</a>a</a>..."
old_element = self.element.contents[-1]
new_element = self.soup.new_string(old_element + string_child)
old_element.replace_with(new_element)
self.soup._most_recent_element = new_element
else:
if isinstance(node, str):
# Create a brand new NavigableString from this string.
child = self.soup.new_string(node)
# Tell Beautiful Soup to act as if it parsed this element
# immediately after the parent's last descendant. (Or
# immediately after the parent, if it has no children.)
if self.element.contents:
most_recent_element = self.element._last_descendant(False)
elif self.element.next_element is not None:
# Something from further ahead in the parse tree is
# being inserted into this earlier element. This is
# very annoying because it means an expensive search
# for the last element in the tree.
most_recent_element = self.soup._last_descendant()
else:
most_recent_element = self.element
self.soup.object_was_parsed(
child, parent=self.element,
most_recent_element=most_recent_element)
def getAttributes(self):
if isinstance(self.element, Comment):
return {}
return AttrList(self.element)
def setAttributes(self, attributes):
if attributes is not None and len(attributes) > 0:
converted_attributes = []
for name, value in list(attributes.items()):
if isinstance(name, tuple):
new_name = NamespacedAttribute(*name)
del attributes[name]
attributes[new_name] = value
self.soup.builder._replace_cdata_list_attribute_values(
self.name, attributes)
for name, value in list(attributes.items()):
self.element[name] = value
# The attributes may contain variables that need substitution.
# Call set_up_substitutions manually.
#
# The Tag constructor called this method when the Tag was created,
# but we just set/changed the attributes, so call it again.
self.soup.builder.set_up_substitutions(self.element)
attributes = property(getAttributes, setAttributes)
def insertText(self, data, insertBefore=None):
text = TextNode(self.soup.new_string(data), self.soup)
if insertBefore:
self.insertBefore(text, insertBefore)
else:
self.appendChild(text)
def insertBefore(self, node, refNode):
index = self.element.index(refNode.element)
if (node.element.__class__ == NavigableString and self.element.contents
and self.element.contents[index-1].__class__ == NavigableString):
# (See comments in appendChild)
old_node = self.element.contents[index-1]
new_str = self.soup.new_string(old_node + node.element)
old_node.replace_with(new_str)
else:
self.element.insert(index, node.element)
node.parent = self
def removeChild(self, node):
node.element.extract()
def reparentChildren(self, new_parent):
"""Move all of this tag's children into another tag."""
# print("MOVE", self.element.contents)
# print("FROM", self.element)
# print("TO", new_parent.element)
element = self.element
new_parent_element = new_parent.element
# Determine what this tag's next_element will be once all the children
# are removed.
final_next_element = element.next_sibling
new_parents_last_descendant = new_parent_element._last_descendant(False, False)
if len(new_parent_element.contents) > 0:
# The new parent already contains children. We will be
# appending this tag's children to the end.
new_parents_last_child = new_parent_element.contents[-1]
new_parents_last_descendant_next_element = new_parents_last_descendant.next_element
else:
# The new parent contains no children.
new_parents_last_child = None
new_parents_last_descendant_next_element = new_parent_element.next_element
to_append = element.contents
if len(to_append) > 0:
# Set the first child's previous_element and previous_sibling
# to elements within the new parent
first_child = to_append[0]
if new_parents_last_descendant is not None:
first_child.previous_element = new_parents_last_descendant
else:
first_child.previous_element = new_parent_element
first_child.previous_sibling = new_parents_last_child
if new_parents_last_descendant is not None:
new_parents_last_descendant.next_element = first_child
else:
new_parent_element.next_element = first_child
if new_parents_last_child is not None:
new_parents_last_child.next_sibling = first_child
# Find the very last element being moved. It is now the
# parent's last descendant. It has no .next_sibling and
# its .next_element is whatever the previous last
# descendant had.
last_childs_last_descendant = to_append[-1]._last_descendant(False, True)
last_childs_last_descendant.next_element = new_parents_last_descendant_next_element
if new_parents_last_descendant_next_element is not None:
# TODO: This code has no test coverage and I'm not sure
# how to get html5lib to go through this path, but it's
# just the other side of the previous line.
new_parents_last_descendant_next_element.previous_element = last_childs_last_descendant
last_childs_last_descendant.next_sibling = None
for child in to_append:
child.parent = new_parent_element
new_parent_element.contents.append(child)
# Now that this element has no children, change its .next_element.
element.contents = []
element.next_element = final_next_element
# print("DONE WITH MOVE")
# print("FROM", self.element)
# print("TO", new_parent_element)
def cloneNode(self):
tag = self.soup.new_tag(self.element.name, self.namespace)
node = Element(tag, self.soup, self.namespace)
for key,value in self.attributes:
node.attributes[key] = value
return node
def hasContent(self):
return self.element.contents
def getNameTuple(self):
if self.namespace == None:
return namespaces["html"], self.name
else:
return self.namespace, self.name
nameTuple = property(getNameTuple)
class TextNode(Element):
def __init__(self, element, soup):
treebuilder_base.Node.__init__(self, None)
self.element = element
self.soup = soup
def cloneNode(self):
raise NotImplementedError
PK `ZZZޣCZK: K: bs4/builder/_htmlparser.py# encoding: utf-8
"""Use the HTMLParser library to parse HTML files that aren't too bad."""
# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license.
__license__ = "MIT"
__all__ = [
'HTMLParserTreeBuilder',
]
from html.parser import HTMLParser
import sys
import warnings
from bs4.element import (
CData,
Comment,
Declaration,
Doctype,
ProcessingInstruction,
)
from bs4.dammit import EntitySubstitution, UnicodeDammit
from bs4.builder import (
DetectsXMLParsedAsHTML,
ParserRejectedMarkup,
HTML,
HTMLTreeBuilder,
STRICT,
)
HTMLPARSER = 'html.parser'
class BeautifulSoupHTMLParser(HTMLParser, DetectsXMLParsedAsHTML):
"""A subclass of the Python standard library's HTMLParser class, which
listens for HTMLParser events and translates them into calls
to Beautiful Soup's tree construction API.
"""
# Strategies for handling duplicate attributes
IGNORE = 'ignore'
REPLACE = 'replace'
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Constructor.
:param on_duplicate_attribute: A strategy for what to do if a
tag includes the same attribute more than once. Accepted
values are: REPLACE (replace earlier values with later
ones, the default), IGNORE (keep the earliest value
encountered), or a callable. A callable must take three
arguments: the dictionary of attributes already processed,
the name of the duplicate attribute, and the most recent value
encountered.
"""
self.on_duplicate_attribute = kwargs.pop(
'on_duplicate_attribute', self.REPLACE
)
HTMLParser.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
# Keep a list of empty-element tags that were encountered
# without an explicit closing tag. If we encounter a closing tag
# of this type, we'll associate it with one of those entries.
#
# This isn't a stack because we don't care about the
# order. It's a list of closing tags we've already handled and
# will ignore, assuming they ever show up.
self.already_closed_empty_element = []
self._initialize_xml_detector()
def error(self, message):
# NOTE: This method is required so long as Python 3.9 is
# supported. The corresponding code is removed from HTMLParser
# in 3.5, but not removed from ParserBase until 3.10.
# https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/76025
#
# The original implementation turned the error into a warning,
# but in every case I discovered, this made HTMLParser
# immediately crash with an error message that was less
# helpful than the warning. The new implementation makes it
# more clear that html.parser just can't parse this
# markup. The 3.10 implementation does the same, though it
# raises AssertionError rather than calling a method. (We
# catch this error and wrap it in a ParserRejectedMarkup.)
raise ParserRejectedMarkup(message)
def handle_startendtag(self, name, attrs):
"""Handle an incoming empty-element tag.
This is only called when the markup looks like <tag/>.
:param name: Name of the tag.
:param attrs: Dictionary of the tag's attributes.
"""
# is_startend() tells handle_starttag not to close the tag
# just because its name matches a known empty-element tag. We
# know that this is an empty-element tag and we want to call
# handle_endtag ourselves.
tag = self.handle_starttag(name, attrs, handle_empty_element=False)
self.handle_endtag(name)
def handle_starttag(self, name, attrs, handle_empty_element=True):
"""Handle an opening tag, e.g. '<tag>'
:param name: Name of the tag.
:param attrs: Dictionary of the tag's attributes.
:param handle_empty_element: True if this tag is known to be
an empty-element tag (i.e. there is not expected to be any
closing tag).
"""
# XXX namespace
attr_dict = {}
for key, value in attrs:
# Change None attribute values to the empty string
# for consistency with the other tree builders.
if value is None:
value = ''
if key in attr_dict:
# A single attribute shows up multiple times in this
# tag. How to handle it depends on the
# on_duplicate_attribute setting.
on_dupe = self.on_duplicate_attribute
if on_dupe == self.IGNORE:
pass
elif on_dupe in (None, self.REPLACE):
attr_dict[key] = value
else:
on_dupe(attr_dict, key, value)
else:
attr_dict[key] = value
attrvalue = '""'
#print("START", name)
sourceline, sourcepos = self.getpos()
tag = self.soup.handle_starttag(
name, None, None, attr_dict, sourceline=sourceline,
sourcepos=sourcepos
)
if tag and tag.is_empty_element and handle_empty_element:
# Unlike other parsers, html.parser doesn't send separate end tag
# events for empty-element tags. (It's handled in
# handle_startendtag, but only if the original markup looked like
# <tag/>.)
#
# So we need to call handle_endtag() ourselves. Since we
# know the start event is identical to the end event, we
# don't want handle_endtag() to cross off any previous end
# events for tags of this name.
self.handle_endtag(name, check_already_closed=False)
# But we might encounter an explicit closing tag for this tag
# later on. If so, we want to ignore it.
self.already_closed_empty_element.append(name)
if self._root_tag is None:
self._root_tag_encountered(name)
def handle_endtag(self, name, check_already_closed=True):
"""Handle a closing tag, e.g. '</tag>'
:param name: A tag name.
:param check_already_closed: True if this tag is expected to
be the closing portion of an empty-element tag,
e.g. '<tag></tag>'.
"""
#print("END", name)
if check_already_closed and name in self.already_closed_empty_element:
# This is a redundant end tag for an empty-element tag.
# We've already called handle_endtag() for it, so just
# check it off the list.
#print("ALREADY CLOSED", name)
self.already_closed_empty_element.remove(name)
else:
self.soup.handle_endtag(name)
def handle_data(self, data):
"""Handle some textual data that shows up between tags."""
self.soup.handle_data(data)
def handle_charref(self, name):
"""Handle a numeric character reference by converting it to the
corresponding Unicode character and treating it as textual
data.
:param name: Character number, possibly in hexadecimal.
"""
# TODO: This was originally a workaround for a bug in
# HTMLParser. (http://bugs.python.org/issue13633) The bug has
# been fixed, but removing this code still makes some
# Beautiful Soup tests fail. This needs investigation.
if name.startswith('x'):
real_name = int(name.lstrip('x'), 16)
elif name.startswith('X'):
real_name = int(name.lstrip('X'), 16)
else:
real_name = int(name)
data = None
if real_name < 256:
# HTML numeric entities are supposed to reference Unicode
# code points, but sometimes they reference code points in
# some other encoding (ahem, Windows-1252). E.g. “
# instead of É for LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK. This
# code tries to detect this situation and compensate.
for encoding in (self.soup.original_encoding, 'windows-1252'):
if not encoding:
continue
try:
data = bytearray([real_name]).decode(encoding)
except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
pass
if not data:
try:
data = chr(real_name)
except (ValueError, OverflowError) as e:
pass
data = data or "\N{REPLACEMENT CHARACTER}"
self.handle_data(data)
def handle_entityref(self, name):
"""Handle a named entity reference by converting it to the
corresponding Unicode character(s) and treating it as textual
data.
:param name: Name of the entity reference.
"""
character = EntitySubstitution.HTML_ENTITY_TO_CHARACTER.get(name)
if character is not None:
data = character
else:
# If this were XML, it would be ambiguous whether "&foo"
# was an character entity reference with a missing
# semicolon or the literal string "&foo". Since this is
# HTML, we have a complete list of all character entity references,
# and this one wasn't found, so assume it's the literal string "&foo".
data = "&%s" % name
self.handle_data(data)
def handle_comment(self, data):
"""Handle an HTML comment.
:param data: The text of the comment.
"""
self.soup.endData()
self.soup.handle_data(data)
self.soup.endData(Comment)
def handle_decl(self, data):
"""Handle a DOCTYPE declaration.
:param data: The text of the declaration.
"""
self.soup.endData()
data = data[len("DOCTYPE "):]
self.soup.handle_data(data)
self.soup.endData(Doctype)
def unknown_decl(self, data):
"""Handle a declaration of unknown type -- probably a CDATA block.
:param data: The text of the declaration.
"""
if data.upper().startswith('CDATA['):
cls = CData
data = data[len('CDATA['):]
else:
cls = Declaration
self.soup.endData()
self.soup.handle_data(data)
self.soup.endData(cls)
def handle_pi(self, data):
"""Handle a processing instruction.
:param data: The text of the instruction.
"""
self.soup.endData()
self.soup.handle_data(data)
self._document_might_be_xml(data)
self.soup.endData(ProcessingInstruction)
class HTMLParserTreeBuilder(HTMLTreeBuilder):
"""A Beautiful soup `TreeBuilder` that uses the `HTMLParser` parser,
found in the Python standard library.
"""
is_xml = False
picklable = True
NAME = HTMLPARSER
features = [NAME, HTML, STRICT]
# The html.parser knows which line number and position in the
# original file is the source of an element.
TRACKS_LINE_NUMBERS = True
def __init__(self, parser_args=None, parser_kwargs=None, **kwargs):
"""Constructor.
:param parser_args: Positional arguments to pass into
the BeautifulSoupHTMLParser constructor, once it's
invoked.
:param parser_kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass into
the BeautifulSoupHTMLParser constructor, once it's
invoked.
:param kwargs: Keyword arguments for the superclass constructor.
"""
# Some keyword arguments will be pulled out of kwargs and placed
# into parser_kwargs.
extra_parser_kwargs = dict()
for arg in ('on_duplicate_attribute',):
if arg in kwargs:
value = kwargs.pop(arg)
extra_parser_kwargs[arg] = value
super(HTMLParserTreeBuilder, self).__init__(**kwargs)
parser_args = parser_args or []
parser_kwargs = parser_kwargs or {}
parser_kwargs.update(extra_parser_kwargs)
parser_kwargs['convert_charrefs'] = False
self.parser_args = (parser_args, parser_kwargs)
def prepare_markup(self, markup, user_specified_encoding=None,
document_declared_encoding=None, exclude_encodings=None):
"""Run any preliminary steps necessary to make incoming markup
acceptable to the parser.
:param markup: Some markup -- probably a bytestring.
:param user_specified_encoding: The user asked to try this encoding.
:param document_declared_encoding: The markup itself claims to be
in this encoding.
:param exclude_encodings: The user asked _not_ to try any of
these encodings.
:yield: A series of 4-tuples:
(markup, encoding, declared encoding,
has undergone character replacement)
Each 4-tuple represents a strategy for converting the
document to Unicode and parsing it. Each strategy will be tried
in turn.
"""
if isinstance(markup, str):
# Parse Unicode as-is.
yield (markup, None, None, False)
return
# Ask UnicodeDammit to sniff the most likely encoding.
# This was provided by the end-user; treat it as a known
# definite encoding per the algorithm laid out in the HTML5
# spec. (See the EncodingDetector class for details.)
known_definite_encodings = [user_specified_encoding]
# This was found in the document; treat it as a slightly lower-priority
# user encoding.
user_encodings = [document_declared_encoding]
try_encodings = [user_specified_encoding, document_declared_encoding]
dammit = UnicodeDammit(
markup,
known_definite_encodings=known_definite_encodings,
user_encodings=user_encodings,
is_html=True,
exclude_encodings=exclude_encodings
)
yield (dammit.markup, dammit.original_encoding,
dammit.declared_html_encoding,
dammit.contains_replacement_characters)
def feed(self, markup):
"""Run some incoming markup through some parsing process,
populating the `BeautifulSoup` object in self.soup.
"""
args, kwargs = self.parser_args
parser = BeautifulSoupHTMLParser(*args, **kwargs)
parser.soup = self.soup
try:
parser.feed(markup)
parser.close()
except AssertionError as e:
# html.parser raises AssertionError in rare cases to
# indicate a fatal problem with the markup, especially
# when there's an error in the doctype declaration.
raise ParserRejectedMarkup(e)
parser.already_closed_empty_element = []
PK `ZZZ�!g�d: d: bs4/builder/_lxml.py# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license.
__license__ = "MIT"
__all__ = [
'LXMLTreeBuilderForXML',
'LXMLTreeBuilder',
]
try:
from collections.abc import Callable # Python 3.6
except ImportError as e:
from collections import Callable
from io import BytesIO
from io import StringIO
from lxml import etree
from bs4.element import (
Comment,
Doctype,
NamespacedAttribute,
ProcessingInstruction,
XMLProcessingInstruction,
)
from bs4.builder import (
DetectsXMLParsedAsHTML,
FAST,
HTML,
HTMLTreeBuilder,
PERMISSIVE,
ParserRejectedMarkup,
TreeBuilder,
XML)
from bs4.dammit import EncodingDetector
LXML = 'lxml'
def _invert(d):
"Invert a dictionary."
return dict((v,k) for k, v in list(d.items()))
class LXMLTreeBuilderForXML(TreeBuilder):
DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASS = etree.XMLParser
is_xml = True
processing_instruction_class = XMLProcessingInstruction
NAME = "lxml-xml"
ALTERNATE_NAMES = ["xml"]
# Well, it's permissive by XML parser standards.
features = [NAME, LXML, XML, FAST, PERMISSIVE]
CHUNK_SIZE = 512
# This namespace mapping is specified in the XML Namespace
# standard.
DEFAULT_NSMAPS = dict(xml='http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace')
DEFAULT_NSMAPS_INVERTED = _invert(DEFAULT_NSMAPS)
# NOTE: If we parsed Element objects and looked at .sourceline,
# we'd be able to see the line numbers from the original document.
# But instead we build an XMLParser or HTMLParser object to serve
# as the target of parse messages, and those messages don't include
# line numbers.
# See: https://bugs.launchpad.net/lxml/+bug/1846906
def initialize_soup(self, soup):
"""Let the BeautifulSoup object know about the standard namespace
mapping.
:param soup: A `BeautifulSoup`.
"""
super(LXMLTreeBuilderForXML, self).initialize_soup(soup)
self._register_namespaces(self.DEFAULT_NSMAPS)
def _register_namespaces(self, mapping):
"""Let the BeautifulSoup object know about namespaces encountered
while parsing the document.
This might be useful later on when creating CSS selectors.
This will track (almost) all namespaces, even ones that were
only in scope for part of the document. If two namespaces have
the same prefix, only the first one encountered will be
tracked. Un-prefixed namespaces are not tracked.
:param mapping: A dictionary mapping namespace prefixes to URIs.
"""
for key, value in list(mapping.items()):
# This is 'if key' and not 'if key is not None' because we
# don't track un-prefixed namespaces. Soupselect will
# treat an un-prefixed namespace as the default, which
# causes confusion in some cases.
if key and key not in self.soup._namespaces:
# Let the BeautifulSoup object know about a new namespace.
# If there are multiple namespaces defined with the same
# prefix, the first one in the document takes precedence.
self.soup._namespaces[key] = value
def default_parser(self, encoding):
"""Find the default parser for the given encoding.
:param encoding: A string.
:return: Either a parser object or a class, which
will be instantiated with default arguments.
"""
if self._default_parser is not None:
return self._default_parser
return etree.XMLParser(
target=self, strip_cdata=False, recover=True, encoding=encoding)
def parser_for(self, encoding):
"""Instantiate an appropriate parser for the given encoding.
:param encoding: A string.
:return: A parser object such as an `etree.XMLParser`.
"""
# Use the default parser.
parser = self.default_parser(encoding)
if isinstance(parser, Callable):
# Instantiate the parser with default arguments
parser = parser(
target=self, strip_cdata=False, recover=True, encoding=encoding
)
return parser
def __init__(self, parser=None, empty_element_tags=None, **kwargs):
# TODO: Issue a warning if parser is present but not a
# callable, since that means there's no way to create new
# parsers for different encodings.
self._default_parser = parser
if empty_element_tags is not None:
self.empty_element_tags = set(empty_element_tags)
self.soup = None
self.nsmaps = [self.DEFAULT_NSMAPS_INVERTED]
self.active_namespace_prefixes = [dict(self.DEFAULT_NSMAPS)]
super(LXMLTreeBuilderForXML, self).__init__(**kwargs)
def _getNsTag(self, tag):
# Split the namespace URL out of a fully-qualified lxml tag
# name. Copied from lxml's src/lxml/sax.py.
if tag[0] == '{':
return tuple(tag[1:].split('}', 1))
else:
return (None, tag)
def prepare_markup(self, markup, user_specified_encoding=None,
exclude_encodings=None,
document_declared_encoding=None):
"""Run any preliminary steps necessary to make incoming markup
acceptable to the parser.
lxml really wants to get a bytestring and convert it to
Unicode itself. So instead of using UnicodeDammit to convert
the bytestring to Unicode using different encodings, this
implementation uses EncodingDetector to iterate over the
encodings, and tell lxml to try to parse the document as each
one in turn.
:param markup: Some markup -- hopefully a bytestring.
:param user_specified_encoding: The user asked to try this encoding.
:param document_declared_encoding: The markup itself claims to be
in this encoding.
:param exclude_encodings: The user asked _not_ to try any of
these encodings.
:yield: A series of 4-tuples:
(markup, encoding, declared encoding,
has undergone character replacement)
Each 4-tuple represents a strategy for converting the
document to Unicode and parsing it. Each strategy will be tried
in turn.
"""
is_html = not self.is_xml
if is_html:
self.processing_instruction_class = ProcessingInstruction
# We're in HTML mode, so if we're given XML, that's worth
# noting.
DetectsXMLParsedAsHTML.warn_if_markup_looks_like_xml(
markup, stacklevel=3
)
else:
self.processing_instruction_class = XMLProcessingInstruction
if isinstance(markup, str):
# We were given Unicode. Maybe lxml can parse Unicode on
# this system?
# TODO: This is a workaround for
# https://bugs.launchpad.net/lxml/+bug/1948551.
# We can remove it once the upstream issue is fixed.
if len(markup) > 0 and markup[0] == u'\N{BYTE ORDER MARK}':
markup = markup[1:]
yield markup, None, document_declared_encoding, False
if isinstance(markup, str):
# No, apparently not. Convert the Unicode to UTF-8 and
# tell lxml to parse it as UTF-8.
yield (markup.encode("utf8"), "utf8",
document_declared_encoding, False)
# This was provided by the end-user; treat it as a known
# definite encoding per the algorithm laid out in the HTML5
# spec. (See the EncodingDetector class for details.)
known_definite_encodings = [user_specified_encoding]
# This was found in the document; treat it as a slightly lower-priority
# user encoding.
user_encodings = [document_declared_encoding]
detector = EncodingDetector(
markup, known_definite_encodings=known_definite_encodings,
user_encodings=user_encodings, is_html=is_html,
exclude_encodings=exclude_encodings
)
for encoding in detector.encodings:
yield (detector.markup, encoding, document_declared_encoding, False)
def feed(self, markup):
if isinstance(markup, bytes):
markup = BytesIO(markup)
elif isinstance(markup, str):
markup = StringIO(markup)
# Call feed() at least once, even if the markup is empty,
# or the parser won't be initialized.
data = markup.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
try:
self.parser = self.parser_for(self.soup.original_encoding)
self.parser.feed(data)
while len(data) != 0:
# Now call feed() on the rest of the data, chunk by chunk.
data = markup.read(self.CHUNK_SIZE)
if len(data) != 0:
self.parser.feed(data)
self.parser.close()
except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError, etree.ParserError) as e:
raise ParserRejectedMarkup(e)
def close(self):
self.nsmaps = [self.DEFAULT_NSMAPS_INVERTED]
def start(self, name, attrs, nsmap={}):
# Make sure attrs is a mutable dict--lxml may send an immutable dictproxy.
attrs = dict(attrs)
nsprefix = None
# Invert each namespace map as it comes in.
if len(nsmap) == 0 and len(self.nsmaps) > 1:
# There are no new namespaces for this tag, but
# non-default namespaces are in play, so we need a
# separate tag stack to know when they end.
self.nsmaps.append(None)
elif len(nsmap) > 0:
# A new namespace mapping has come into play.
# First, Let the BeautifulSoup object know about it.
self._register_namespaces(nsmap)
# Then, add it to our running list of inverted namespace
# mappings.
self.nsmaps.append(_invert(nsmap))
# The currently active namespace prefixes have
# changed. Calculate the new mapping so it can be stored
# with all Tag objects created while these prefixes are in
# scope.
current_mapping = dict(self.active_namespace_prefixes[-1])
current_mapping.update(nsmap)
# We should not track un-prefixed namespaces as we can only hold one
# and it will be recognized as the default namespace by soupsieve,
# which may be confusing in some situations.
if '' in current_mapping:
del current_mapping['']
self.active_namespace_prefixes.append(current_mapping)
# Also treat the namespace mapping as a set of attributes on the
# tag, so we can recreate it later.
attrs = attrs.copy()
for prefix, namespace in list(nsmap.items()):
attribute = NamespacedAttribute(
"xmlns", prefix, "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/")
attrs[attribute] = namespace
# Namespaces are in play. Find any attributes that came in
# from lxml with namespaces attached to their names, and
# turn then into NamespacedAttribute objects.
new_attrs = {}
for attr, value in list(attrs.items()):
namespace, attr = self._getNsTag(attr)
if namespace is None:
new_attrs[attr] = value
else:
nsprefix = self._prefix_for_namespace(namespace)
attr = NamespacedAttribute(nsprefix, attr, namespace)
new_attrs[attr] = value
attrs = new_attrs
namespace, name = self._getNsTag(name)
nsprefix = self._prefix_for_namespace(namespace)
self.soup.handle_starttag(
name, namespace, nsprefix, attrs,
namespaces=self.active_namespace_prefixes[-1]
)
def _prefix_for_namespace(self, namespace):
"""Find the currently active prefix for the given namespace."""
if namespace is None:
return None
for inverted_nsmap in reversed(self.nsmaps):
if inverted_nsmap is not None and namespace in inverted_nsmap:
return inverted_nsmap[namespace]
return None
def end(self, name):
self.soup.endData()
completed_tag = self.soup.tagStack[-1]
namespace, name = self._getNsTag(name)
nsprefix = None
if namespace is not None:
for inverted_nsmap in reversed(self.nsmaps):
if inverted_nsmap is not None and namespace in inverted_nsmap:
nsprefix = inverted_nsmap[namespace]
break
self.soup.handle_endtag(name, nsprefix)
if len(self.nsmaps) > 1:
# This tag, or one of its parents, introduced a namespace
# mapping, so pop it off the stack.
out_of_scope_nsmap = self.nsmaps.pop()
if out_of_scope_nsmap is not None:
# This tag introduced a namespace mapping which is no
# longer in scope. Recalculate the currently active
# namespace prefixes.
self.active_namespace_prefixes.pop()
def pi(self, target, data):
self.soup.endData()
data = target + ' ' + data
self.soup.handle_data(data)
self.soup.endData(self.processing_instruction_class)
def data(self, content):
self.soup.handle_data(content)
def doctype(self, name, pubid, system):
self.soup.endData()
doctype = Doctype.for_name_and_ids(name, pubid, system)
self.soup.object_was_parsed(doctype)
def comment(self, content):
"Handle comments as Comment objects."
self.soup.endData()
self.soup.handle_data(content)
self.soup.endData(Comment)
def test_fragment_to_document(self, fragment):
"""See `TreeBuilder`."""
return '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>\n%s' % fragment
class LXMLTreeBuilder(HTMLTreeBuilder, LXMLTreeBuilderForXML):
NAME = LXML
ALTERNATE_NAMES = ["lxml-html"]
features = ALTERNATE_NAMES + [NAME, HTML, FAST, PERMISSIVE]
is_xml = False
processing_instruction_class = ProcessingInstruction
def default_parser(self, encoding):
return etree.HTMLParser
def feed(self, markup):
encoding = self.soup.original_encoding
try:
self.parser = self.parser_for(encoding)
self.parser.feed(markup)
self.parser.close()
except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError, etree.ParserError) as e:
raise ParserRejectedMarkup(e)
def test_fragment_to_document(self, fragment):
"""See `TreeBuilder`."""
return '<html><body>%s</body></html>' % fragment
PK `ZZZcB G� � ( beautifulsoup4-4.12.3.dist-info/METADATAMetadata-Version: 2.1
Name: beautifulsoup4
Version: 4.12.3
Summary: Screen-scraping library
Project-URL: Download, https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/download/
Project-URL: Homepage, https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/
Author-email: Leonard Richardson <leonardr@segfault.org>
License: MIT License
License-File: AUTHORS
License-File: LICENSE
Keywords: HTML,XML,parse,soup
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: HTML
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: SGML
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: XML
Requires-Python: >=3.6.0
Requires-Dist: soupsieve>1.2
Provides-Extra: cchardet
Requires-Dist: cchardet; extra == 'cchardet'
Provides-Extra: chardet
Requires-Dist: chardet; extra == 'chardet'
Provides-Extra: charset-normalizer
Requires-Dist: charset-normalizer; extra == 'charset-normalizer'
Provides-Extra: html5lib
Requires-Dist: html5lib; extra == 'html5lib'
Provides-Extra: lxml
Requires-Dist: lxml; extra == 'lxml'
Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
Beautiful Soup is a library that makes it easy to scrape information
from web pages. It sits atop an HTML or XML parser, providing Pythonic
idioms for iterating, searching, and modifying the parse tree.
# Quick start
```
>>> from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
>>> soup = BeautifulSoup("<p>Some<b>bad<i>HTML")
>>> print(soup.prettify())
<html>
<body>
<p>
Some
<b>
bad
<i>
HTML
</i>
</b>
</p>
</body>
</html>
>>> soup.find(text="bad")
'bad'
>>> soup.i
<i>HTML</i>
#
>>> soup = BeautifulSoup("<tag1>Some<tag2/>bad<tag3>XML", "xml")
#
>>> print(soup.prettify())
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<tag1>
Some
<tag2/>
bad
<tag3>
XML
</tag3>
</tag1>
```
To go beyond the basics, [comprehensive documentation is available](https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/).
# Links
* [Homepage](https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/)
* [Documentation](https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/)
* [Discussion group](https://groups.google.com/group/beautifulsoup/)
* [Development](https://code.launchpad.net/beautifulsoup/)
* [Bug tracker](https://bugs.launchpad.net/beautifulsoup/)
* [Complete changelog](https://bazaar.launchpad.net/~leonardr/beautifulsoup/bs4/view/head:/CHANGELOG)
# Note on Python 2 sunsetting
Beautiful Soup's support for Python 2 was discontinued on December 31,
2020: one year after the sunset date for Python 2 itself. From this
point onward, new Beautiful Soup development will exclusively target
Python 3. The final release of Beautiful Soup 4 to support Python 2
was 4.9.3.
# Supporting the project
If you use Beautiful Soup as part of your professional work, please consider a
[Tidelift subscription](https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/pypi-beautifulsoup4?utm_source=pypi-beautifulsoup4&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=readme).
This will support many of the free software projects your organization
depends on, not just Beautiful Soup.
If you use Beautiful Soup for personal projects, the best way to say
thank you is to read
[Tool Safety](https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/zine/), a zine I
wrote about what Beautiful Soup has taught me about software
development.
# Building the documentation
The bs4/doc/ directory contains full documentation in Sphinx
format. Run `make html` in that directory to create HTML
documentation.
# Running the unit tests
Beautiful Soup supports unit test discovery using Pytest:
```
$ pytest
```
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